-Com Talk, Lancaster Farming, Saturday, January 19,2002
206
Herbicide Varieties Effectively Control Winter Annual Weeds
COLUMBUS, Ohio The
struggle to effectively
manage winter annual weeds
may get easier for corn and
soybean farmers.
Ohio State University
weed scientists have identi
fied several herbicides that
help control common
chickweed and purple dead
nettle with at least 90 percent
effectiveness in no-till corn
and soybean fields.
Mark Loux, an Ohio State
weed specialist, said the pur
pose of the research was to
provide management options
for controlling problematic
winter annual weeds.
“The activity of glyphosate
(more commonly known as
Roundup) in the spring
before planting has been slow
under cool conditions. It just
wasn’t killing the weeds fast
enough,” said Loux. “Over
the past two or three years,
the winter annual population
has just soared and I suspect
it’s due in part to shifts in
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herbicide use. The issue here
is how can we better manage
these weeds?”
Common chickweed and
purple deadnettle, which pri
marily emerge in late
summer or fall, tend to cause
headaches for farmers. They
prevent the soil from drying
out and warming up in the
spring; they interfere with til
lage because they grow so
thick they snag equipment:
and they harbor insects or
serve as insect hosts. Re
search has shown that purple
deadnettle may serve as an
alternative host of soybean
cyst nematode, a pathogen
that damages soybeans by
feeding on plant roots, rob
bing the plants of nutrients,
and providing wound sites
for root-rotting fungi to
enter.
Researchers found that fall
treatments provided more
consistent control than
spring applications. Among
soybean herbicides studied,
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exp date
for example, only three pro
vided 80 percent control of
weeds when applied in
March, but 10 provided 90
percent control when applied
in November. Researchers
analyzed herbicides with at
least 20 different active
ingredients.
Loux theorizes that smaller
plant size and warmer soils in
the fall may attribute to more
effective fall herbicide appli
cations. “I think the plants
are smaller in the fall. Their
growth rate hasn’t geared up
yet in early spring. Plus
colder weather in the spring
may prevent the rapid herbi
cide activity and plant death
needed so a farmer can plant
his field,” said Loux. “The
issue here is crop establish
ment. If a farmer is having
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difficulty in getting his crop
established in the spring due
to winter annual weeds, then
he may need to consider a fall
application.
“We are not saying that
fall herbicide applications are
always better than spring ap
plications. Both can be effec
tive,” said Loux. “But it just
may be a better strategy for
the same money to use a fall
herbicide that has good resid
ual that can carry through
spring.”
Loux said by applying her
bicides in the fall, even under
cool conditions, gives a
farmer a better chance of es
tablishing his field for plant
ing. “If a farmer is planting
in April and applies the her
bicide in March, that only
gives him few weeks to get
wm
a* *
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*y^*
:
that weed out of his field
before planting,” said Loux.
“That's really not that much
time.”
Farmers are recommended
to apply fall herbicides now
through mid-November. Re
search has found that herbi
cides perform well even when
applied under cold condi
tions, so applying herbicides
through early December may
also be an option.
Researchers also studied
the effectiveness of the herbi
cides on marestail and dan
delion with positive results.
For more information on
the project or for a list of ef
fective herbicides, log onto
Ohio State Extension’s
C.O.R.N. newsletter at http://
corn.osu.edu/archive/
index.html and select issue
01-35.
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