Cattle Feeder’s Day
(Continued from Page ASS)
sterile, but can be contaminated
from the outside by fecal mate
rial or contact with intestines.
Bacteria adhere to the tissue and
must be trimmed, not washed by
conventional means, to remove
it. Hair, dirt, manure, or dirty
employee hands are also agents
of bacterial spread.
At least 90 percent of the con
tamination comes from the hide,
which makes the bacteria diffi
cult to control. The best plan,
said Henning, is to keep the
animal clean.
Cattle
Management
Dr. John Comerford, Penn
State extension beef specialist,
taught the “proper cattle man
agement” segment of the quality
assurance program.
Adhering to bottle label in
structions is imperative, stressed
Comerford. Besides making
sure the vaccine or medicine is
labeled for cattle, he said, be
sure to give the correct dosage
using the proper route of admin
istration. Withdrawal time
should be carefully noted and
followed.
Feed Quality
Management
“Source-verified cattle will be
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an absolute necessity in the
future, it’s going to be our prod
uct from the farm gate to the
consumer’s plate,” said Dr
Harold Harpster, Penn State
ruminent nutritionist.
Feed quality, said Harpster, is
a phrase of beef quality assur
ance entirely in the producer’s
hands, and requires daily dili
gence.
According to Harpster, for
homegrown feeds, we need
records from planting to con
sumption, especially records for
pesticide, herbicide, and ferti
lizer use to prevent possible
problems.
A daily inspection of
feedstuffs is important, said
Harpster. A producer should
note the odor, color, moisture,
temperature, and any foreign
material in the fed. A small
sample of purchased feedstuff
should be set aside, along with
the source, date, amounts, and
description data for record pur-
Fidelity
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poses.
Producers should hold “sus
pect feeds,” urged Harpster,
until they are analyzed to decide
if they are free of high levels of
mold and micotoxins.
Consumer satisfaction, said
Dr. Bill Henning, determined by
quality grades, should drive pro
duction.
Henning, extension meats
specialist, said, “They want
taste fat, they don’t want waste
fat. Know your customer,
whether they want modest,
moderate, or highly-abundant
marbling. Fill your customer’s
needs. Produce something that
satisfies the consumer.”
Bruising, said Henning, costs
$2O million annually, as much as
$175 per head. Ideal finish de
pends on genetic propensity to
marble, but depends on the
breed of animal.
“One steer with a tough steak
will affect over 100 people, so we
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really have to be careful,” said
Henning.
“Understand the type of
cattle you are feeding. Don’t
feed past the optimal end point.
Feed to what the customer
wants.”
Cattle
Handling Systems
Proper handling facilities are
integral to a cattle management
plan, explained Dan McFarland,
ag engineering agent based out
of York County.
Added safety, meeting quality
assurance guidelines, easier
treatment opportunities, stress
reduction on both the animal
and the handler, and fewer bru
ising incidence are all good rea
sons to have a system, he said.
A complete handling system
should gather, direct, hold,
allow the animals to be sorted,
and position the animals for the
handler to work on.
Cattle Feeders
Future
Agriculture economics profes
sor H. Louis Moore, Penn State,
gave his forecast for the live
stock economy in 2001. The na
tional economy, he said, will
understandably have an impact
on agriculture.
America has experienced 10
years of economic growth with
out a slowdown, the longest in
the history of the nation. Infla
tion is under control, the coun
try has a low unemployment
rate, the interest rate is declin
ing, and tax cut prospects are on
the horizon.
In addition, however, accord
ing to Moore’s analysis, con-
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sumers are wary about the
future, unemployment will
begin to increase, interest rates
will decline, and inflation will
slow. California’s energy prob
lem and the actions of the new
administration remain questions
yet to be filled in for economic
forecasters.
Since 1996, farmers have seen
a larger gap between what the
farmers pay (fuel, machinery,
labor, and materials) and what
they receive is broadening.
“This is putting a squeeze on
farmers in the country,” said
Moore. The U.S. corn produc
tion varied greatly over the early
19905, “We had five good com
crops in a row, and we haven’t
used it at that rate,” he said.
Additionally, in soybean pro
duction, the last four crops have
been very excellent crops. Farm
ers have produced a billion more
bushels than a decade ago on the
same acreage.
New technology has drasti
cally increased production. In
1932, for example, farmers pro
duced 25 bushels of corn per
acre. By 2000 farmers were pro
ducing 137.7 bushels of corn per
acre. “It hasn’t plateaued,” he
said.
If grain prices stay reason
able, “those of you who are in
the livestock feeding business
can plan on the same prices,’’
said Moore, unless media atten
tion on “mad cow disease’’ dras
tically changes demand.
In the U.S., meat supply
shows chicken on the increase of
market share for meats because
(Turn to Page A 44)