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If Weather Cools , Fall Foliage Will Have Superb Colors
LOU ANN GOOD
Lancaster Farming Staff
UNIVERSITY PARK (Centre
Co.) If temperatures cool over
the next four weeks and combine
with a mild drought, fall foliage
watchers in Pennsylvania should
have a superior display of color
this year, says an expert in Penn
State’s College of Agricultural
Sciences.
“It’s been a wet and somewhat
cool summer, so most of the
trees have been under no stress
and have had a vigorous grow
ing season, which sets the stage
for colorfUl fall foliage,” says
Marc Abrams, professor of forest
ecology and physiology.
“However, the weather in the
next four weeks is critical,” Ab
rams says. “We have to have
cool temperatures falling into
the 30s and 40s at night, as well
as bright sunny days with no
rain. A short, mild drought, in
other words.
Hormones And Hunters Put More Deer On Highways
UNIVERSITY PARK (Centre
Co.) Motorists should be par
ticularly wary of deer on the
highways during the breeding
and hunting seasons, says a wild
life biologist in Penn State’s Col
lege of Agricultural Sciences.
“Bucks seem to lose their cau
tion when breeding and run
across roads without even think
ing about traffic,” says Gary San
Julian, professor of wildlife re
sources. “Also, does being chased
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J “If the warm, wet weather
persists, the growing season is
extended and the leaves will re
main green much longer,” Ab
rams explains. “An extended
growing season means we may
see less impressive colors, with
different trees changing at differ
ent times.”
For 14 years, Abrams has
studied how seasonal precipita
tion and temperature influence
timing and intensity of fall colors
in central Pennsylvania. “We be
lieve that clear, bright days, low
but not freezing tempera
tures and dry conditions
promote the best fall colors,” he
says.
Cooler temperatures signal
deciduous trees to stop produc
ing chlorophyll, the green pig
ment responsible for photosyn
thesis, he explains. The
chlorophyll breaks down and
disappears, unmasking other
by bucks often don’t heed roads.
Then, on November 27, nearly a
million gun hunters will enter
the woods and stir deer up even
more.”
Breeding season for white-tail
ed deer ranges from October to
December but peaks in Novem
ber, San Julian explains. “Each
year, PennDOT and individual
contractors pick up more than
40,000 deer from the state’s
highways,” he says. “Probably
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Group averaged 34 deer claims
daily, San Julian says. On the
first day of the buck and doe sea
sons, the number of calls in
creased to 157 and 160, respec
tively.
Each accident costs the driver
an average of $2,000. It’s also
very easy to get hurt when you’re
driving 60 miles per hour and a
150-pound deer comes flying
through your windshield.
Drivers should be especially
vigilant in areas Where they’ve
seen deer in the past. High
beams will help you see their
eyes shine. Remember, if you see
one deer, often more will be fol
lowing behind.”
If you hit a deer, San Julian
recommends that you stop to see
if the deer is still alive, and if so,
try to contact a wildlife enforce
ment officer or the state police.
In Pennsylvania, residents can
pick up road-killed deer, but
they must apply to the Game
Commission within 24 hours for
a free permit to keep deer car
casses. Call the Game Commis
sion’s regional office for an ap
plication.
another
40,000 get
hit and go
off into the
woods to
die. It is esti
mated that
deer-vehicle
collisions
cost insur
ance compa
nies and
motorists
more than
$l3O million
each year in
Pennsylva
nia.”
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leaf pigments. It’s these other
pigments called xanthophylls
and carotenes that create the
glowing yellows and oranges
seen in the leaves of yellow pop
lar, hickory, sycamore, honey lo
cust, birch, beech and certain
maples.
After chlorophyll production
stops, trees also produce another
pigment in their leaves called an
thocyanin, Abrams explains. The
anthocyanins create the brilliant
reds and purples seen in maple,
sassafras, sumac, black gum and
purple oak.
The amount of anthocyanin
produced each year is related to
starch levels in the tree. Trees
often produce less starch during
droughts.
All predictions aside, Abrams
says not to worry. “We almost
always have good color in this
region in the fall,” he says. “All
systems are go if the weather co
operates.”