ITHACA, N.Y. - Cornell
University scientists have
demonstrated that creating a
refuge in a crop field reduces the
chance of insects developing
resistance to transgenic insecti
cidal plants. Researchers report
on their finding in the March
issue of the journal, Nature
Biotechnology,
“The whole concept of a
refuge really works,” said
Anthony M. Shelton, Cornell
professor of entomology and the
lead author on the Nature
Biotechnology article. “Before it
has been theory, and this is the
first demonstration of it in a
field situation. This is all about
managing resistance, and we
found that, yes, it is important to
have a refuge and to manage
those insects within the refuge
carefully.”
In this case, a refuge is a sec
tion of plants within the field
that have not been genetically
engineered to contain the insec-
Video Conference To
Focus On Private
ill CONSTRUCTION
Forestland Stewardship n r " r ' ,T _
TOWANDA (Bradford Co.)
- National experts will present
perspectives to private forest
landowners on strategies to take
control over the revenue poten
tial of private lands and for
landowners to reduce their tax
burden. Private forest landown
ers throughout Pennsylvania
may have several opportunities
to obtain more income from
their property, but need to learn
which strategies best fit their
circumstances.
On April 15, from 9 a.m. to
noon, Cornell University will
broadcast this financially
focused satellite videoconfer
ence.
In addition to presentations
by forest landowners, speakers
will include Jonathan Kays dis
cussing which personal attribut
es you need to consider before
undertaking a new enterprise.
Next Bill Hoover will give an
introduction to strategies to
reduce your federal income tax
burden and an overview of a for
est landowner income tax web
AFBF Names Harris
To Top Staff Post
PARK RIDGE, 111. - Richard
D Harris of Des Moines, lowa
was elected by the American
Farm Bureau Federation’s board
of directors to the newly created
position of chief administrative
officer and secretary/treasurer,
consolidating several former
officer positions. He also is sec
retary/treasurer of AFBF’s affili
ated companies.
For more than three years
prior to joining AFBF, Harris
was executive director and sec
Field Refuges Prevent Moth’s
Resistance To Genetic Insecticides
moth developing resistance to Bt
ticide.
The insecticide contained in
the plants is Bacillus
thunngiensis (Bt), a naturally
occurring bacterium that is not
harmful to humans and is con
sidered by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) as the
safest insecticide from an envi
ronmental standpoint. The
genes to produce Bt proteins
have been engineered into
plants, and last year farmers in
the United States planted near
ly 19 million acres of transgenic
Bt crops approved by the EPA.
“Bt transgenic plants can
greatly reduce the use of broad
er spectrum insecticides, but
there is concern that this tech
nology may be short-lived due to
insect resistance,” wrote Shelton
in the Nature Biotechnology
article. Shelton and his col
leagues conducted field tests to
examine ways of reducing the
likelihood of the diamondback
page. The second half of the
broadcast will begin with Bob
Beyfuss who will look at ginseng
and several other examples of
private forestland enterprises.
Finally, Thom McEvoy will
describe what you need to con
sider when planning for the ulti
mate transfer of your estate.
Landowners wishing to par
ticipate should contact the
Sullivan County Extension
Office at (570) 928-8941 for
reservations. Cosponsors
include Cornell Cooperative
Extension, the New York Forest
Owners Association (NYFOA),
Penn State University,
University of Maryland, Rutgers
University, the University of
New Hampshire and the
University of Connecticut.
The session will be down
linked at the Sullivan County
Extension Office in Dushore.
There is no fee, but because of
limited seating, advanced regis
tration is required. For addition
al information, call Dr. Bob
Hansen at (570) 265-2896.
retary/treasurer of the lowa
Farm Bureau Federation and
senior vice president/secretary
treasurer of that organization’s
affiliated insurance company
Harris began his career with
lowa Farm Bureau in 1968 as a
county fieldman. He also served
as director of field services,
director of public affairs, and
administrative director.
A native of Greenfield, lowa,
Harris has been active in many
civic and professional organiza-
tions
broccoli plants.
At Cornell’s New York
Agricultural Experiment
Station in Geneva, N.Y, the sci
entists had previously conduct
ed laboratory and greenhouse
trials for several years using Bt
broccoli plants engineered by
Elizabeth Earle, Cornell profes
sor of plant breeding and chair
of the university’s plant breed
ing department. “Once we felt
comfortable with our system, it
was important to take it to the
field to see how a resistance
management program would
work under field conditions,”
said Shelton.
To manage resistance to Bt
engineered plants, Shelton and
his colleagues examined several
planting options, including how
the refuge was placed in the
field. Their findings are clear - a
refuge is needed, but it is also
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important how that refuge is
placed. Using a “20 percent
mixed refuge,” in which the Bt
and non-Bt plants were mixed
randomly, compared with a “20
percent separate refuge,” in
which a block of non-Bt plants
was grown next to the Bt plants,
they followed changes in the
insects’ level of resistance over
the course of the season. Their
results backed up theoretical
models that indicated a separate
refuge would be more effective
in keeping the diamondback
moth from becoming Bt-resis
tant.
Additional studies examined
how to manage the insects in the
refuge. The studies’ results
demonstrated the importance of
making sure sufficient insects
are generated on the non-Bt
plants to mate with any resis
tant insects that may have sur-
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Lancaster Fanning, Saturday, March 25, 2000-D5
vived on the Bt plants.
Fred Gould, professor of ento
mology at North Carolina State
University, a noted expert in the
use of Bt transgenic plants,
noted in an accompanying com
mentary in the journal, “Field
studies like this one are essen
tial for developing public confi
dence in resistance management
techniques.”
Joining Shelton and Earle in
authoring the article, “Field
Tests on Managing Resistance to
Bt-Engineered Plants,” are
Juliet Tang, a former Cornell
entomologist now a Mississippi
State University; Richard
Roush, a former Cornell ento
mologist at the Waite Institute
in Australia; and Timothy D.
Metz, a former Cornell plant
breeder now at Campbell
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USDA funded the research.
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