WINTER GRAIN FERTILITY
Douglas Beegle
Penn State Agronomist
As with any crop the fertility pro
gram for winter grains should be
based on a regular soil testing pro
gram. Ideally, the soil levels for pH,
phosphorus, and potassium should all
be in the optimum range on the soil
test report before planting. For wheat
the pH should be between 6.0 and 7.0
and for barley it should be between 6.5
and 7.0. If the pH is low, the recom
mended limestone should be appliled
and worked into the soil as far ahead
of planting as possible. If the mag
nesium is 16W,' k dblomi tit ’ iyf»e" lime
should be used.
Both wheat and barley take up large
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amounts of phosphorus and potas
sium. If soil tests are in the low range,
nutrients must be applied to build the
soil up into the optimum range plus re
place what is removed in the crop. For
soils already in the optimum range,
the recommendation only considers
replacing what is removed. At high
soil test levels there may be adequate
nutrients in the soil to supply what the
crop removes without any added
phosphorous or potassium, in which
case, the recommendation will be
zero.
For winter grains, all of the recom
mended phosphorus and potassium
should be broadcast ) #^llbdpHbf^6 l 1
planting. A small portion of this re
quirement can be applied through the
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Foraging Around, Lancaster Farming, Saturday, October 24, 1998—Page
drill.
To minimize fertilizer injury, do not
apply mom than 30 pounds per acre of
the recommended nitrogen plus pot
ash through the drill. All of the com
monly available fertilizer sources of
phosphorus and potassium are accept
able for application to winter grains.
Nitrogren requirements of wheat
and barley are also substantial. The
actual amount of fertilizer nitro
needed to meet this requirement will
depend on the amount of nitrogen sup
plied by the soil. In Pennsylvania, this
is largely influenced by the manure
histsory of the field. Thus, nitrogen re
commendations for small grains are
mainly based on the manure history of
the field as summarized in the follow
ing table:
Manure Manure Manure
Crop Every 1-2 yri. Every 3-4 yre. None recently
■N recommendation (Ibracre)
30-60 60-90
Wheat 0-30
Barley 0
Within a given manure history cate-
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gory, the actual rate selected will de
pend on the yield potential and the ni
trogen history of the field. For higher
expected yields use the higher end of
the recommendation range. Use the
lower end of the recommendation
range where the previous manure or
nitrogen fertilizer rates were high or
where lodging has been a problem in
the past. Remember that because of
the potential for lodging do not apply
excess nitrogen to small grains.
Only up to IS pounds per acre of the
nitrogen should be applied in the fall
at planting time. The balance of the ni
trogen should be applied in the spring.
If the plants did not tiller well in the
fall, the nitrogen should be applied by
mid-March; otherwise, apply it any
time up to growth stage S. which is the
stage just before the stems start to
elongate. The commonly available
forms of nitrogen fertilizer are all ac
ceptable for the winter grains.
30-40
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