A24-Lsncastar Farming, Saturday, March 28, 1998
Dr. Beegle Clarifies
(Condniwd from AI)
developing a nutrient management
plan.
In most cases, including Pen
nsylvania, nutrient management
plans are based on balancing nitro
gen. This is based on our scientific
understanding of nitrogen beha
vior and generally greater con
cerns with the environmental fate
of nitrogen and the potential nega
tive human health effects of
nitrates in water.
At the same time, we
have long recogrfized
that one of the consequ
ences of basing nutrient
management plans on
nitrogen is that, in most
cases, excess phosphor
us will be applied to the
soil.
This is not an ideal
situation, but from our
understanding of pho
sphorus behavior, we
know that there are
things we can do to
minimize the environ
mental impact of this
excess phosphorus, in
many cases.
Consequently, we
have consistently
emphasized that, while
the official guidelines
for manure management
are based on nitrogen,
we cannot ignore
phosphorus.
This is the reason for
the inclusion of prac
tices such as soil and
water conservation,
balancing manure appli
cations over crop rota
tions, cover crops, etc.,
in nutrient management
plans.
Research and experi
ence over a number of
years working in nutri
ent management has
also pointed out, how
ever, that not all of the
practices that we depend
on to minimize pho
sphorus impact on the
environment are as
effective as we thought,
in all situations.
For example, conser
vation Ullage will dra
matically reduce the
loss of sediment-bound
phosphorus from agri
cultural fields, however,
repeated excess applica-
Uon of manure pho
sphorus to the soil sur
face can result in
extremely high soil pho
sphorus levels at the soil
surface.
Under normal condi
tions, soils have a large
capacity to adsorb
(“adsorb” means to
cling to, while “absorb"
means to “incorporate")
and hold phosphorus,
thus phosphorus solu
bility in the soil is gener
ally very low.
However, within the
high phosphorus micro
environment at the soil
surface, the phosphorus
adsorption capacity of
the soil may become
saturated to the point
that water running over
this soil surface can pick
up signiGcant amounts
of soluble phosphorus
and transport it from the
field to water bodies.
This is not a “turnar
ound in what has been
considered scientific
fact," but application of our con
stantly improving understanding
of phosphorus behavior to a diffe
rent and changing set of
circumstances.
This is an example of why we
need to continually do research
and evaluate our experiences
regarding what we know about
phosphorus behavior and manage
ment in context of changing
conditions.
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phosphorus is not an ideal
situation.
Some people want to take the
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the issue and propose a zero
tolerance position that no excess
phosphorus be applied.
This is the approach being prop
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3/28
noted in the article, the implica
tions of this approach are very seri
ous for animal agriculture.
Because we believe that there
are effective and practical alterna
tives to this zero-tolerance
approach, research has continued
on agricultural phosphorus, its
potential impact on the environ
ment and possible management
strategies.
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The emphasis of this research,
which has been ongoing on a
national scale, for some time, has
focused on gaining a better under
standing of the behavior of pho
sphorus, especially in systems
where excess phosphorus is being
applied, and looking for practical
strategies for further minimizing
the effect of agricultural phosphor
us on the environment
For example, recent research
has shown that a majority of the
phosphorus lost to water comes
from a limited area in most water-
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