Dr. William B. Roush
Assoociate Professor of
Poultry Science
Department of Poultry
Science
The Pennsylvania State
University
Telephone: 814-863-0655
Nutrient management is of in
creasing concern as legislation is
developed to govern the amount of
excess nutrients, such an nitrogen
and phosphorus, in the environ
ment. Feed formulation is a criti
Specializing In Fibered Roof Coatings
(Over 2000 Colors To Choose From)
Quality
That’s
Affordable
(Restoration of Brick or Stone)
574 Gibbons Rd
Bird-in-Hand, PA 17505
We Offer Only The Finest Quality
Poultry & Grain Equipment On
The Market Today.
DID YOUR
BIRDS
LOOK LIKE
THIS LAST YEAR?
Then Call One Of Our Sales People Today For All Your
VENTILATION NEEDS!
We Afe Also Currently Converting House To Tunnel
Ventilation Systems - Call For Details
We Stock A Full Line Of Fans, Controls, Foggers And Parts
Curtain
We are open Mon. - Fri. 6:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. • Our Service Department is Available 24 Hours/Day.
cal control point for nutrient man
agement.
This last summer, I had the
opportunity to observe how Dutch
nutritionists formulate feed to
confront the problem of nutrient
management. Coupled with our
research on nonlinear program
ming, which deals with nutrient
variability in feed ingredients, a
managed approach to feed formula
tion can be implemented to reduce
the amounts of excess nutrients
going into the environment.
Roofs
Houses
Alu. Siding
Interior
(J|) Bin Dutchman.
nUAI watering
LJ VAL SYSTEMS
R&C FOGGERS
(jSfcCoo/a/r
COOL AIR CORRORATION
Spray
Brush
Roll
An. Serv. (717) 354-5561
Taking A Lesson From The Dutch
A typical Dutch approach to
feed formulation for nutrient man
agement is to set maximums on
protein and total phosphorus to
reduce environmental excesses and
to set minimums on digestible
amino acids and available phos
phorus to meet the nutrient re
quirements of the animal. The re
sult strikes a balance between re
ducing waste nutrients to the
environment and meeting the nu
trient requirements of the animal.
Penn State research has shown
stochastic nonlinear programming
accurately guarantees nutrient lev
els while reducing variability and
excess nutrients (Roush et al.,
1996, J. Appl. Poultry Research
5:16). As a part of our study,
Fushan Zhang, a Ph.D candidate
FfAf
Leadership for a/
1 -800-432-0988
“If It’s Worth The Investment, Then
You Need The Best”
VRrshev
EQUIPMENT CO., INC.
SYCAMORE IND. PARK
255 PLANE TREE DRIVE
LANCASTER, PA 17603
msm 717-393-5807 [■■pH]
FAX 717-291-1534
Lancaster Firming, Saturday, March 21, 1998-A43
in Animal Science and Operations
Research, formulated rations by
stochastic programming and linear
programming. These rations were
compared for their ability to meet
nutrient requirements at the same
requested level of probability
while minimizing excess nutri
ents.
In the first series of rations,
linear and stochastic programmed
rations (LPSO and SPSO) were
compared at a requested maximum
level of 21% with a 50% prob
ability of meeting the nutrient re
quirement. A second series of ra
tions, which included a margin of
safety for protein (LP69 and
SP69), were formulated for a
maximum of 21% protein and a
requested 69% probability. A
third series of rations (LP69-AA
and SP69-AA) were formulated
with a 69% margin of safety for
both protein and amino acids, at a
requested maximum crude protein
level of 21% and minimum on di
gestible ammo acids (methionine,
total sulfur amino acids, lysine,
threonine and tryptophan).
The stochastic ration had re
duced levels of amino acids. The
difference in crude protein for both
SP69 versus LP69 and LP69-AA
versus SP69-AA was .2 percent
age points. SP69-AA as com-
Dairy Calf Nutrition
and Management
Workshop
pared to LP69-AA, had lower cal
culated levels for digestible amino
acids including methionine, total
sulfur amino acids, lysine, threon
ine and tryptophan for a difference
of .016, .010, .012, .038, and
.005 percentage points, respec
tively.
As expected from earlier re
search, there was no difference in
the cost of the rations at a re
quested probability of 50%. At a
requested probability of 69%,
there was a lowering of cost in fa
vor of stochastic formulated ra
tions for both the protein and the
protem/amino acid formulations.
The nutrient and cost differ
ences between stochastic and lin
ear programmed rations were
small as compared to linear pro
gramming. However, it must be
kept m mind that when rations are
formulated, recipes of ingredient
amounts are produced. That is,
discrete or fixed amounts of ingre
dients mixed at the feed mill. So
the differences are real and consis
tent between the two approaches
to ration formulation.
This formulation research
suggests that the Dutch approach
of minimizing total nutrients
while maximizing digestible nu
trients in conjunction with a non
linear program would, over time,
consistently reduce excess nutri
ents m the environment.
WESTMINSTER, Md. - A Satellite
Teleconference and Workshop will be offered
two evenings on Calf Nutrition and
Management, April 21 & 28, 1998, from 7 30
p.m. to 9 p m. at Carroll Community College,
Room 157.
Topics covered on April 21 include physiol
ogy and digestion; colostrum; calf survival;
colostrum; quality; liquid feed alternatives;
milk replacers.
On April 28, topic include dry feed selec
tion; rumen development; health concerns;
preweaned calf; transition during weaning,
nutrition; transition during weaning; man
agement practices; and calf growth.
Cost for the workshop is $lO per person,
which will include a packet of printed work
shop materials. Preregistration and payment
is requested by April 20. Checks should be
made payable to Carroll County EAC and
mailed to Carroll County Extension Service,
Calf Workshop, 700 Agriculture Center,
Westminster, MD 21157-5700.
For more information call (410) 848-4611.
The Satellite Teleconference and Workshop
is sponsored by Penn State College of
Agricultural Service's Cooperative Extension
\sf2CUX
Manufacturer of Farm Sprayers
Sprayar Parts and Repair
• Pressure Washers • Hydraulic Hoses
• Black Walnut Cracker
858 Pumping Station Road Answering Service
Kirkwood PA 17538 71? 529-6553