Page (P-Com Talk, Lancaster Farming, Saturday, March 7, 1998
Maximum Yield Goals Require Vigilance
(Continued from Pago 1)
The project, conducted at the
Crops Research and
Development Center in Adel
phia, examined the combina
tion of genetics and the envi
Speakers at the Pennsylvania v jrn and ;an
Conference. From left, Mark Mattingly, agronomist
with Hoffman Seeds and Dr. Lou Moore, Penn State
economist.
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ronment, including hybrid
selection, soil fertility, irriga
tion, and other factors, to see
what kind of yields would
result.
A “combination of hybrids
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and blend and cross
pollination. if matched well,
can boost yields 2.7 percent,”
Heckman noted.
Irrigation was a big factor to
ensure the leading root system
did not contact dry soil.
Some key findings for grow
ers as a result of the project:
• Plant early for “maximum
harvest of sunlight,” noted
Heckman. When planting ear
ly, the crop’s canopy results in
early closure and soil is not
exposed, bare, to sunlight
• Use starter MAP at a rate of
11-52-0.
• Use equal plant spacing.
• Use optimal seed depth,
from l'/i to 2 inches deep.
• Plant com on 12-inch rows
at 90,000 seeds to the acre. Thin
out to one plant to every square
foot.
• Ensure good soil prepara
tion, proper pH, subsoil, and
ensure that the subsoil is not
acidic.
Crop rotations into forage
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legumes, sod, or soybeans can
improve yields. Research stu
dies have shown that com after
com with no rotation suppres
ses yields by 10 percent.
Adding organic material
through manure and compost
can also improve the quality of
soil.
A big limitation to overall
yield is sunlight. “Sunlight is
one of the most difficult limita
tions to overcome,” Heckman
noted.
The project followed the
groundbreaking studies by Dr.
Roy Flannery from the 1980 s.
In 1980, Flannery achieved
yields of 312 bushels per acre.
In Flannery’s studies, crops
were given nitrogen at 500
pounds per acre, phosphorous
at 300 pounds per acre, and pot
ash at 300 pounds per acre,
including micronutrients.
Heckman followed Flannery’s
program, to a certain degree.
However, Heckman modified
the nitrogen material to
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400-500 pounds per acre using
ammonium sulfate, used 100
pounds of phosphorous per
acre, and 400 pounds of potas
sium per acre. He also used
about 200-300 pounds of sul
phur and other nutrients.
Heckman used a combina
tion of Pioneer hybrids to
achieve the results. Planting
dates went from April 24 to
May 1 at a seeding rate of
90,000 plants per acre, thinned
to 43,560 plants per acre in one
square foot Mocks per plant.
About 60-80 percent of the
field crop was irrigated two to
three times a week during the
season. “Never allow the soil to
dry out,” said Heckman.
Using potassium chloride
(0-0-60 is an excellent source,
noted Heckman) also helped
achieve higher yields. Also,
boron applications improved
fertility and pollination.
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