84-Lancaster Farming, Saturday, February 14, 1998
All Gardens
Great & Snm
by
York Co.
Horticultural Ai
Tom Becker
HOME FRUIT PESTS:
USE ORCHARD
SANITATION
Can Fruit Crops Be Grown
In The Home Garden
Without Pesticides?
The simple answer is yes, but
fruit quality may decrease. This is
true in wet or dry years. Quality
fruit, similar to what you can buy
in die supermarket, cannot easily
be grown without pesticides.
If you don’t wish to use pesti
cides, you can employ many other
tactics to reduce pest numbers on
fruit trees. The fust step is careful
observation. Develop a habit ot
observing your trees regularly,
and daily if possible. Look at the
blossoms, fruit, upper and lower
surfaces of the leaves, new shoot
growth, and general color and an
gle of the leaves. Also be aware
that if you see changes in the
plant, they may not be due to
pests. The plant’s nutrition can
cause poor leaf color or unusual
growth patterns, and humans can
also cause damage to plants.
An approach that reduces our
reliance on only chemicals pesti
cides is referred to as integrated
pest management (IPM). IPM
integrates as many pest manage
ment tactics as possible. They in
clude biological control; using one
organism to control another by
predation, parasitism, or competi
tion; cultural control; horticultural
practices such as specialized prun
ing, orchard sanitation, and plant
ing scab-resistant cultivars; insect
behavior modification such as
mating disruption; and the judi
cious use of pesticides. Successful
IPM requires knowledge about
pests and the vulnerable stages of
the crop.
For example, orchard insect
pests like oriental fruit moth and
disease organisms like apple scab
and over-winter in leaf Utter and
old fruit left on the ground. Fall
and winter clean-up of this debris
is an important cultural control
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Oriental Fruit Moth is a pest of
peaches, plums and cherries. This
insect over-winters as a mature
larva encased in a cocoon. These
cocoons can be found in peach
mummies and other debris on the
ground as well as beneath the bark
on tree trunks. Apple scab, pear
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diseases that over-winter on dead
leaves. Collect and destroy old
leaves from these trees as well as
from nearby flowering crabapples.
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Although sanitation will not
provide complete control of these
problems, it may help keep die
pest and disease levels down to a
more manageable or tolerable lev
el. For mere information on fruit
diseases and insect pests ask for, a
newly revised Penn State publica
tion, “Small Scale Fruit Produc
tion Guide.” It is available for $9
at your Extension Office.
Any questions can be directed
to Tom Becker, horticultural ex
tension agent, at 840-7408.
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