Double Flowers, Winter
Warms Spell...
Gardeners I meet often ask
lots of questions. Some of these
questions are quite easy to
answer while others take some
researching and asking around.
Here's two for this month's col
umn.
Where do double flowers
come from? Answer provided by
Tim Elkner, Lancaster County
Horticulture Agent. As garden
ers, we tend to collect attractive
or unusual plants for our yards.
One type of plant that fits this
description is a double-flowered
form of a common plant like
camellias, zinnias, chrysanthe
mums and others. Frequently,
these double forms are more
attractive and often they are
sterile (which can be both good
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and bad!). But what causes
these double flowers in the first
place?
An article in the February 15,
1997 issue of The American
Nurseryman answered this
question. The author stated
that the double plants we so
admire frequently have a genet
ic mutation that causes this con
dition. In the mutant plants
there are generally no extra
flower organs or missing flower
organs. Instead, some of the
flower organs have developed
into the wrong organs. Let me
discuss an example.
You may have noticed a dou
ble form of bloodroot in some
garden catalogs. Bloodroot, san
guinaria candensis, is a common
name for a perennial native
herb common in North America.
It blooms very early in wood
lands producing a simple, white
blossom on a fleshy root. It is
sold for shaded wildflower gar
dens.
Upon comparing the double
form of the flower to the simple
bloodroot, the author of the arti
cle noted that both types con
tained the same number and
arrangement of the eight outer
petals on the flower However,
where the regular bloodroot con
tained about 36 stamens and
carpels on the flower's inside,
the double form had no carpels
or stamens but instead had up
to 48 petals, some of which were
fused at the base. The double
flowers are sterile since they are
missing . the reproductive
organs.
However, not all double flow
ers are sterile. There are double
forms of roses and columbine
which do develop extra rows of
petals without losing carpels
and stamens. Note: The carpel
contains the ovaiy, style and
stigma. The stamen has the
male reproductive organs of the
flower.
Do warm winter days cause
injury to plants? Answer pro
vided by J. Robert nuss, exten
sion specialist, horticulture at
PSU. Damage may have result
ed from the high temperatures a
few weeks ago. Reports indicat-
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ed forsythia and lilac buds
began to expand and show color.
Flowering quince, privet, bar
berry and some viburnums may
also have responded in like fash
ion. The extent of opening will
govern the potential degree of
damage that is possible on these
plants. We will know by early
spring if severe damage
occurred.
There is really nothing that
can be done to prevent potential
injury to expanding (growing)
plant tissue as a result of tem
perature fluctuations at this
time of the year. Any buds that
have shown a significant open
ing will be killed during the
remainder of the winter and will
not open during the normal
spring glowering season. If tern
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peratures do drop rapidly after a
mild day and remain reasonably
stable, partially expanded buds
may retain some dormancy and
survive. Time will tell on these.
. Dormancy, the number of
chilling days, and the tempera
ture levels around the plants all
govern how they will respond to
recent conditions. Plants in pro
tected, shaded locations may
very well come through the cur
rent season with little or no
damage as compared to similar
plants in bright, warmer, sunny
locations on the same property.
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(717)840-7408.
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