Calif.
(Continued from Page A 18)
display ads in local newspapers,
the "more you feature, the more
you can sell,” he said.
In-store sampling and other
cooperative methods work to
increase the sales of product. But
stores need also to do a better job to
get to the consumer right at the
beginning of the season.
Walker provided a slide show of
a wide array of national super
markets that prominently display
ed peaches for sale.
Peach Disease
Challenges
On Wednesday at the confer
ence, growers found out about dis
ease challenges and how to combat
them.
Dr. Norm Lalancette, Rutgers
Cooperative Extension fruit
pathology specialist, noted that
unlike brown rot, fire Might and
phytopthon can kill entire trees.
As a result of research into how
phytopthon operates, researchers
have come up with a way to save
trees from the dangerous root
cankers that ultimately kill trees—
by using what he calls “peach tree
chemotherapy.”
In essence, the roots are treated
to intravenous (IV) fungicide treat
ments, “like chemotherapy to peo
ple,” said Lalancette.
The disease can be easily identi
fied by poor terminal growth,
sparse and small leaves, undersize
fruit, off-color fruit, overall tree
decline, and eventual death. The
disease can readily strike trees that
are 3-S years old. Trees display
crown rot and overall root decay.
Factors that influence whether a
tree will fall to phytopthora
include the presence of the patho
gen in the soil, the susceptibility of
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the plant, and die environmental
conditions.
Also, there are 10 different spe
cies of phytoptfaora.
There are disease-resistant root
stocks for some peach trees.
The spores are in the soil and
cod weather conditions increase
plant susceptibility.
To prevent disease infestation,
growers should select soil that is
well-drained. By placing the trees
on raised beds, die root and trunk
can stay well-drained. Proper irri
gation management is key.
New orchards should be soil
fumigated.
Lalancette worked with three
regional orchards to come up with
ways to manage phytopthora:
Donio Farms, Inc., Zee Orchards,
Inc., and Mt Pleasant Orchards,
Inc. They looked at infections of
plants last spring and looking into
the use of the “IV” fungicide
treatments.
The research raised questions
for growers: Should the trees be
left to recover? Should the IV be
used to help revive the trees? Or
should growers, considering the
cost of the IV treatments, simply
cut their losses and repopulate the
orchard if phytopthora is found?
More work is needed to address
those and other issues.
Also at the meetings. Dr.
Joseph Goffreda, associate profes
sor and director of Rutgers Fruit
Research and Extension Center at
Cream Ridge, NJ., spoke about
the history of white peach varieties
and how they are being grown and
sold today.
Goffreda provided an overview
of several varieties being grown at
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White Peach
Varieties
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the center. They include:
• White Lady, a highly colored,
very firm, 90 percent red over
cream ground variety that is mild,
with low acid flavor, very firm,
and which ripens after Redhaven.
• Crimson Snow, a white frees
tone nectarine that ripens after
Redhaven. The nectarine has 90
percent red over cream ground and
is firm and fresh.
• Saturn NJF2, peen-tao type
(donut-shaped), which ripens after
Redhaven. The fruit has 70 percent
red over cream ground with great
flavor, softens fast, and is difficult
to thin and pick. It has high bacter
ial spot resistance and tends to
overcrop. It has a small blossom
scar.
• Blushing Star (FA18) ripens
two weeks after Redhaven, is 80
percent red over a cream ground,
medium size, firm, with slight bac
terial spot resistance.
• Sugar Lady, ripe a few weeks
after Redhaven, is 90 percent red
over cream ground. This is a
fleshy, mild, “very attractive”
peach, noted Goffreda.
Other varieties include Scarlet
Pearl (USDA), Sugar May.
ArticGlo (nectarine). Southern
Pearl (USDA), Rose Princess
(USDA nectarine). Sugar Giant
peach, and Lady Nancy peach.
Some experimental varieties
are:
• K 39-1, a heterozygous SH, a
few weeks before Redhaven, with
90 percent red over cream ground,
short pubescence, with slight bac
terial spot resistance, but good eat
ing quality.
• DBO-8, a crossbred of
NJ3IBXH3-76, a better stony fruit,
75 percent red over cream ground,
short pubescence, firm texture,
exceptional fruit quality, and mod-
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p erence Toi
crate bacterial spot resistance.
• K 56-4 nectarine (88-946 X
Eastern Glo), available one week
before Redhaven, very attractive,
85 percent red over cream ground,
small-to-medium size, with a mod
erate level of bacterial spot
resistance.
• Ll-37 (NJ293XJing Yu) OP,
available one week before Redha
ven, 80 percent red over cream
ground, short pubescence, very
good bacterial spot resistance, and
firm.
• NJ3I2 (NJ 293XJing Yu),
ripens with Redhaven, 70 percent
red over cream ground, softens
fast, good texture.
• NJ3IB (NJ2s6XBiscoe),
available three weeks after Redha
ven, 60 percent red over cream
ground, softens fast, large size,
good bacterial spot resistance, and
perhaps a peach for the roadside
market.
Some additional varieties:
• LF-112 (Jefferson X 7-28) OP.
an SH-type, available just before
Redhaven. 75 percent red over
cream ground, very crunchy, very
hard, slight bacterial spot resis
tance, stays very firm.
• L 2-42 (NJ293XJing Yu), SH
type, after Redhaven, 80 percent
red over cream ground, nice
appearance, flavor mild to bland.
• Jl9-19 (RRS3-272X7-28),
SH-type, two weeks after Redha
ven, 70 percent red on cream
ground, short pubescence, with a
sweet, mild flavor.
Nematode Control
Also on Wednesday, growers
learned about the importance of
nematode control in orchards to
prevent disease by Dr. John Hal
brendt, Penn State. Nematodes,
which are parasitic worms, result
L,. A **l (.1 L
in replant problems, loss of vigor
and yield, are virus vectors, and
create all sorts of problems for
growers.
Nematodes, particularly the
Dagger Nematodes, can upset the
peach plant’s normal hormonal
balances. They are efficient vec
tors of plant viruses that can cause
serious problems even in low num
bers. said Halbrendt
Growers can fumigate soil,
which goes a long way to controll
ing the pest. There are chemical,
genetic, and biorational methods
to controlling the pests.
One biorational method
involves the use of allelopathk
plants that have naturally produced
nematicides in them. They include
marigolds, velvetbean, asparagus,
sesame, and brassicas or rapeseed.
Experiments indicate that the
use of sudangrass and sunflower in
combination as a green manure
produce, while decaying, enough
nematicides to control the
nematodes.
The green manure produces the
glucosinolates necessary to poison
the nematodes. He noted that,
when people eat hot mustard, the
“pungency” they taste is from the
glucosinolate.
Someday, it may be possible to
select and breed for crops with
increased allelopathic activity.
Green manure is showing some
promise to help lower the nema
tode risk as well as control weeds,
erosion, and promote overall tree
health.