ARE CHICKENS BABY
DINOSAURS - PART 3
Roland M. Leach, Jr.
Professor
In some previous articles I
have used skeletal development to
explore the potential relationship
between chickens and dinosaurs.
Now I would like to discuss some
aspects of reproduction in the con
tinuing debate on whether dino
saurs are closer to reptiles or
birds.
Like alligators, crocodiles, and
birds, dinosaurs laid eggs with
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calcified shells. Recent studies on
the ultrastructure of these shells
by scientists in Scotland showed
many similarities among these
species.
Therefore these results, al
though interesting, did not shed
much light on the continuing de
bate. ’ Although crocodiles and
birds lay eggs with similar shell
structure, they differ considerably
with regard to the number of func
tional ovaries and oviducts. Birds
such as our commonly used Leg
horns have only one functional
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ovary and oviduct. There are two
of each in early embryonic devel
opment, but by the time the chick
hatches, there is only one ovary
and oviduct which become func
tional at sexual maturity. Under
natural conditions, birds lay one
egg at a time and incubate eggs di
rectly with body heat.
In contrast, crocodiles have
two functional oviducts and lay
two eggs at a time which are de
posited in large clutches to incu
bate in mounds of vegetation.
Recent discoveries of dinosaur
egg clutches in Montana has led
to a re-examination of the repro
ductive activity of TROODON
FORMOMUS, a 100 pound egg
laying dinosaur. By studying the
nest and position and proximity of
eggs in the nest, scientists have
been able to reconstruct the repro
ductive behavior of this species.
It’s a tain’t -- tain’t crocodile,
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tain’t bird. It shares features with
each.
The nest of dinosaur eggs con
tained asymmetrically shaped eggs
(like birds) standing narrow end
down. Analysis of the egg spac
ing indicated a paired arrangement
of the eggs, implying that there
are two functional reproductive
tracts with two eggs laid at one or
several-day intervals (like croco
diles). However, the nest differed
significantly from the vegetation
mounds typical of crocodiles,
suggesting brooding behavior
similar to birds.
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From these observations, the
authors concluded that this species
of dinosaur shared features found
with both birds and dinosaurs.
The size of the nest and pairing of
the eggs suggested that there were
two oviducts and ovaries similar
to the crocodile. However, other
features of the eggs and nests indi
cated that these animals had an in
cubation behavior similar to birds
resulting in synchronous hatch
ing. After constructing a map
outlining reproductive traits, the
authors concluded that this species
of dinosaur was a very close rela
tive of birds.
Similarly, the membership of
NALJA has grown steadily,
keeping pace with breed growth.
Established in 1971, NALJA is
an organization of youth under
21 interested in Limousin cattle.
The 3,000-plus membership of
NALJA is governed by a 10-
member junior board of direc
tors. Events and activities open
to NALJA members include the
National Junior Limousin Show
and Congress held annually, and
various awards, scholarships,
field days, programs and class
es.
For more information about
being a member of NALJA, con
tact the North American
Limousin Foundation office at
(303) 220-1693 or stop by the
website at www.nalf.org.
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