Farming, Saturday, November 8,1997
ERS FROM
FIRST-CALF HEIFERS
Beef herds on heifer AI pro
grams are finding that the replace
ment heifers retained from first
calf heifers provide the best gene
tics, combined with low birth
weight EPDs and high maternal
value. Since these heifers are sired
by calving case sires, a majority of
them will reduce frame size and be
earlier maturing than heifers from
mature cows.
If your management is on
target, these heifers will often be
the older ones, ready to breed
before the main cowherd. In fact,
(me common mistake producers
can make is selecting heifers on
adjusted weaning weights, often
ending up with many younger
heifers in their replacement group.
These heifers could be 45 days
younger than the majority of your
calf crop and may not reach puber
ty hrtfancto breed them ahead of
die cow herd. By choosing older
heifers, you can avoid these prob
lems and keep your replacements
from the cows who calved first.
Good replacement heifers are
certainly worth the expense of
raising them. Knowing the genetic
potential of the heifers and cows
in your herd can help make impor-
Lancaster Farming a
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decisions.
Replacement Ewe Lambs
Ewe lambs bom in March and
April are excellent candidates to
be used as replacement ewes in
spring lambing flocks. With prop
er feeding and breeding manage
ment, spring-born ewe lambs
should have lambs by the time
they are 12 to 14 months old.
Ewes that have their first lambs
as yearlings have a higher lifetime
production than ewes lambing
fust as 2-year-olds. Select the
fastest growing twin and triplet
ewe lambs for replacements. Not
only is there an advantage in
improved prolificacy, but twin
and triplet lambs have a more
moderate growth rate, which pre
vents excess fat deposition in the
udder. Lifetime milk production
may be reduced in ewe lambs
grown at an accelerated rate
before reaching puberty.
Ewe lambs should weigh
approximately 60 percent of the
mature body weight at the time of
breeding. That equates to a weight
of approximately 100 pounds at
breeding for most commercial
crossbred ewe lambs.
Expose the ewe lambs to rams
for SO days. Use marking hames-
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ses to monitor breeding activity.
To ensure proper development,
ewe lambs should receive 1 pound
of grain daily up through lambing.
To prevent excessively large
lambs at birth, grain should not be
increased during late gestation.
Medicated Early Weaning
Medicated early weaning
(MEW) is a method of reducing
the exposure of pigs to a wide
spectrum of pathogens with the
aim of reducing the incidence of
diseases in pigs. This system is
based on the principle that in a
closed, well-managed herd, the
balance between immunity and
infection tends to reach a stable
equilibrium.
The MEW technique involves
(1) medicating the sow diet with
broad spectrum antibiotics before
farrowing and until weaning, (2)
removing pigs at an early age (10
days or less) from the sow and
placing them at a new location,
and (3) giving the litter appropri
ate medication (broad spectrum
antibiotics) from birth until five
days after weaning.
MEW has been found to be
effective in eliminating the organ
isms responsible for enzootic
pneumonia, swine dysentery,
pseudorabies, and one of the
organisms responsible for atroph
ic rhinitis, Bordctella bronchisep
tica, and other organisms. Post
weaning mortality is increased
(ranging up to 12 percent to 25
percent) and there are additional
costs due to off-site sow facilities
and extra labor. However, sub
stantial beneficial effects have
been reported in the finishing per
formance of MEW pigs: 14 per
cent increase in average daily gain
and 9 percent improvement in
feed efficiency.
Producers considering early
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A DISPLAY BOX IN OUR PAPER
weaning or wean-to-finish pro
grams are urged to attend the Penn
State Animal Housing Expo at the
Lebanon Fairgrounds on Tuesday,
Nov. 18. Beginning at 10 ajn., the
swine program will feature topics
on “Adjusting to Three-Site Swine
Production" and “Designing
Facilities for Wean-to-Finish Pro
duction." A producer panel will
feature on-the-farm experiences
with these production methods.
For more information, contact
your county extension office.
Get Older Horses In Shape For
Winter
If you own older horses, make
sure they are in good physical con
dition before winter sets in.
Twenty years for a horse is
equivalent to 70 years for a per
son. And, like people, older horses
need more care in the winter than
they did when they were younger.
Older buses are not as efficient
as they once were in digesting
food. During cold weather, these
horses need extra energy to keep
warm. So, have them gain weight
and get in good condition before
winter.
A horse is in good condition if
you cannot see its ribs and have to
apply slight pressure to feel the
rite as you move your hand over
them. ‘Once they get thin, it’s hard
to return older horses to good con
dition. Also, thin horses are more
likely to get diseases and
parasites.
If good-quality pasture isn’t
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SECTION C • THURSDAY AT 9:00 A.M.
OF EACH WEEK’S PUBLICATION
available, older horses need high
quality, soft hay. Legume hays are
better than grass hays because
they provide more energy, protein,
vitamins, and minerals.
If your older horse is not in
good condition, feed it three to six
pounds of grain or commercial
feed daily. If the horse is too thin,
you may need to feed it greater
amounts. If you use more than six
pounds of grain, feed twice a day.
A pellet feed may help if the
horse has a diewing problem. A
vitamin-mineral supplement also
may help an aged horse. Vitamins
are important in various digestive
processes. Some studies also indi
cate a mineral supplement may aid
bone mineralization in older
horses.
If your older horse has not been
on a routine parasite control pro
gram, dewotm it before winter.
Deworm for bots after the second
killing frost And remember, some
anti-parasite drugs aren't effective
against bots. Your veterinarian
can advise you on specific pro
ducts and methods of deworming.
Check your horses’ teeth before
winter. Older horses often have
sharp points on the cheek teeth.
The points are on the inside of the
lower teeth and the outside of the
uppers. Float or rasp off these
points.
Older horses also are prone to
lameness. So trim their hooves
periodically throughout the
winter.
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