.UB-kancasttr Farrnlno, .Saturday, October, 4,. 1997
■»!
UNIVERSITY PARK (Centre
Co.) Few things are as frustrat
ing for the home gardener as poor
plant growth and nonproductive or
dying plants. A major cause of
plant problems in the garden is
disease.
Many plant diseases can be
minimized or eliminated if you
know bow to recognize them, says
Dr. Alan Mac Nab, professor of
plant pathology in Penn Slate's
College of Agricultural Sciences.
“Unhealthy plants usually
result from some form of external
irritation," say Mac Nab. “Injury,
or instantaneous irritation, can be
caused by animal or insect chew
ing, lightning, freezing, burning,
excess or inappropriate chemicals,
and careless use of garden tools.
“Disease, on the other hand, is a
product of continuous irritation.
This can be caused by fungi, bac
teria, viruses, nematodes, parasitic
E N,
HAP
(Continued from Pag* B 16)
Champion Market Lamb-
Heather Ford.
Reserve Champion Market
Lamb- William Ford.
Bleeding Ewes
Baby Oolla- 1. Kristine
Henn.
Mix Bread- 1. Amber
Buttner
Champion Breeding Ewe-
Amber Buttner.
Reserve Champion Bread
ing Ewe- Kristine Henn
Showmanship- 1 Nicole
Kondziola, 2 Sarah Geiger, 3.
Joel Geiger
Fitting- 1 Joel Geiger, 2
Sarah Geiger, 3. Nicole
Kondziela
Market Swine
Light Weight- 1. Nicole
Kondziela, 2. Joel Geiger
Medium Weight- 1. Sarah
Geiger, 2 Joel Geiger.
Hsavy Weight- 1. Sarah
Geiger, 2 Nicole Kondziela
Hsavy Heavy Weight- 1. Tif
fany Strunk. 2 Tiffany Strunk
Pair Claaa- 1. Sarah Geiger,
2 Nicole Kondziela, 3 Tiffany
Strunk
Champion Market Swino
-1 Sarah Geiger.
Reserve Champion Market
Hog- Sarah Geiger
Goat
Showmanship Seniors- 1
Rebecca Lobus, 2 Brant Kleib
er, 3 Kateryna Lobus
Intermediate-1. Diana Hol
der, 2 James Ford
Juniors- 1 Stephanie Neff,
2 Amber Buttner, 3. Angel
Beta
Fitting Seniors- 1 Rebecca
Lobus, 2. Kateryna Lobus, 3
Halyna Lobus
Intermediate- 1 Diana Hol
der, 2 James Ford.
Juniors- 1. Stephanie Neff,
2 Amber Buttner, 3. Angel
Beltz
Senior Doe Show
Alpine
3 years and under 5 years
in milk- 1 Brant Kloiber
LaMancha
Under 3 years in milk- 1
Heather Ford
Nubian
Undar 3 yaara In milk- 1
Heather Ford
Senior Champion- Brant
Kkxber.'
Baal Uddar in Show- Brant
Kkxber
Junior Doe Show
Alpine
0 to undar 5 montha- Brant
Kkxber
LaMancha
0 to undar 5 montha- Kris
tine Henn
10 to under 24 montha-
Amber Buttner.
Nubian
0 to under 5 montha- 1
Halyna Lobus, 2. Stephanie
Neff, 3 Diana Holder
5 to undar 10 montha- 1
Stephanie Nelf
Pygmy
10 to undar 24 montha- 1
Amber Buttner, 2 Kristine
Henn.
Champion Junior Doa In
Show- Halyna Lobus.
Grand Champion Doa in
Show- Brant Kkxber.
Marital Show- 1. Heather
Recognize, Control Garden
plants, temperature extremes, pes
ticides, improper pH, or incorrect
amounts of water, light or
nutrients."
Mac Nab says accurate diagno
sis is the first step in overcoming a
plant problem. Once the cause is
known, steps can be taken to over
come the problem or prevent its
spread.
When diagnosing a plant prob
lem, there are several questions to
consider:
• What are the symptoms? Usu
ally, a few specific symptoms
develop, which can indicate a spe
cific problem.
• Are insects evident? Insect
problems are easy to diagnose
when insects are visible. But if
insects are small or have left the
plant, diagnosis must be based on
symptoms or microscopic
observations.
• What plants are affected?
Organisms that cause problems
prefer some plants over others.
Most infest only related plants or
one plant species. Adverse envir
onmental conditions generally
affect a wide range of plant
species.
N G S
• What is the pattern of symp-
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tom development? Symptoms
appearing on widely separated
plants may indicate that an organ
ism was introduced by seeds,
transplants or flying insects.
Symptoms appearing in only one
part of the garden suggest prob
lems specific to that area, such as
soil-borne organisms, poor soil
drainage or improper planting
depth.
•Docs the problem appear to be
spreading? Many disease-causing
organisms, such as mites, insects
or microorganisms, can move
from leaf to leaf or plant to plant
• Did symptoms appear after
you performed specific gardening
practices? We often cause plant
problems inadvertently. Excessive
fertilization near plants can cause
root bum and plant wilting. Deep
cultivation or pulling large weeds
near plants can damage roots and
cause water stress, resulting in
wilting and leaf curling. Herbi
cides can damage garden plants
when a sprayer is contaminated
from prior use or drift occurs
when spraying a surrounding
lawn.
• Did symptoms appear follow
ing specific weather conditions?
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Plant Disease
Sunlight and wind can dry out
“soft” transplants that are
inadequately prepared for outdoor
weather. Sunlight can bum toma
toes and peppers when their leaves
fail to shade the fruit Frequent
rain promotes reproduction of
some disease-causing bacteria and
fungi. Wet soil can cause root rot
and plant wilting.
If observation or laboratory
analysis indicates that a microor
ganism is the culprit, Mac Nab
says there are several steps you
can take to control the problem or
prevent its reoccurence in the
future:
1. Choose a garden site with
ample sunshine, air circulation
and drainage. Many fungal and
bacterial diseases are most serious
in chronically wet conditions.
2. Change the garden's location
occasionally, and always practice
crop rotation within your garden
plot Many diseases, especially
soil-borne diseases, arc most
severe when the same or related
crops are grown in the same area
year after year.
3. Fertilize and lime your gar
den as recommended by soil test
results. Plants grown with
balanced fertility and optimum pH
arc less susceptible to diseases
than excessively weak or vigorous
plants.
4. Grow disease-resistant var
ieties when available and suitable
for local use.
5. Use disease-free seed and
transplants. Obtain seed from a
reputable company. Obtain trans
plants from a greenhouse operator
who uses disease-free seed and
soil.
6. Control insects.
7. Control weeds. Perennial
weeds near the garden often are
the initial source of viruses in the
spring. Dense weeds in the garden
promote fungal and bacterial
harvest diseases.
8. Pull and destroy diseased
plants soon after harvest. Compost
or plow under crop refuse as soon
as possible after harvest to prom
ote decomposition and kill
disease-causing organisms.
9. Spray or dust appropriate
crops with fungicides to control
specific diseases. If you must use
fungicides, be sure to read and fol
low label instructions.
See Your
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