All Gardens
Great & Small
York Co.
Horticultural Agei
Tom Becker
PRUNING FRUIT TREES
This is the first in a series of ar
ticles on pruning fruit trees .. .
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Property pruned fruit trees devel
op a strong, well-balanced frame
work that produces more fruit.
Great and small gardeners
should begin pruning their fruit
trees in March. Four important
pruning steps will make your job
easier.
First, examine the tree closely
and prune off any dead branches.
Ask yourself why did the branch
die? This will help you develop
corrective control measures dur
ing the coming growing season.
Secondly, locate and remove
any broken branches. Broken
branches may not be dead but any
fruit they bear will cause further
damage to the tree.
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Thirdly, remove one- and two
year-old shoots and suckers grow
ing up in the center of die tree.
Also remove branches growing
back through the tree.
Finish up by thinning out the re
maining branches. Each branch
should receive sunlight and air.
Try to visualize what the tree will
look like with a full load of leaves
and fruit The limbs will of course
be bent downward. For this rea
son, no limb should be permitted
to grow directly over another.
Pruning one such limb will avoid
limb rub and damage to the fruit
skin from rubbing.
Prune your oldest apple trees
first and move to progressively to
younger trees. For very vigorous
varieties, wait until after new
growth starts to prune. Prune older
trees more vigorously.
Young apple trees usually re
ceive pruning later in March and
April closest to bud break. Avoid
overprinting especially young
trees which have not yet begun to
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bear. Maintain a central leader on
apple trees by spreading down or
thinning out those side branches
that are competing with the leader.
Branches that form too narrow an
angle with the trunk should be re
moved.
Only a handful of branches
should remain on a young tree.
Avoid excessive thinning out
on young trees. Excessive thin
ning promotes additional shoot
growth without any increase in
flower and fruit buds.
Two types of cuts are made on
fruit trees. Thinning-out cuts re
move entire limbs or shoots. This
type of pruning cut increases the
number of flower buds produced.
Heading back cuts shorten the
ends of branches and encourages
more shoot growth.
Avoid pruning just before ex
pected large swings in tempera
ture. A 30 to 40 degree change in
temperature predisposes a tree to
winter/frost injury.
Lastly, remove pruned branches
and limbs from the orchard. Dead
wood harbors disease organisms
that can spread back into the tree.
Any questions regarding the
above article can be addressed to
Tom Becker, Penn State Coopera
tive Extension at (717) 840-7408.
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