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MICHAEL O’CONNOR
Penn State Extension
Dairy Reproduction
UNIVERSITY PARK (Centre
Co.) In order to maintain a pro
fitable calving interval with a good
conception rate or to improve
reproductive performance, the
herd manager must be aware of the
herd’s profile of reproductive sta
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tus. how the situation compares to
the optimum and where the
strengths and weaknesses exist
The Pennsylvania Dairy Herd
Improvement Association
(Pa.DHIA) Reproductive Manage
ment Report and the Herd Sum
mary II Report provide reproduc
tive data that is critical to monitor
ing reproductive performance.
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These reports were revised sev
eral years ago to incorporate repro
ductive information and statistics
as recommended by the American
Association of Bovine Practition
ers and the dairy core parameters
subcommittee on reproductive
records.
This system is complete and
provides relevant information.
To effectively evaluate a repro
ductive program, both cows cur
rently in the herd, and cull cows
should be included.
The Herd Summary II Report
summarizes reproductive data for
first, second, third, or even greater
lactation groups, as well as those
cows culled during the previous 12
months. A summary of the entire
herd is also provided.
In addition, the Reproductive
Management Report provides
information on individual cows
and a summary of reproductive
groups pregnant cows, cows
bred but not yet confirmed pre
gnant, cows open more than 60
days, but not serviced, and the
breeding herd averages. Thus the
performance of groups can be
evaluated.
UPS
No single reproductive index
adequately describes the reproduc
tive performance of the herd.
For example, calving interval is
not the absolute measurement of
reproductive performance. A herd
may have an acceptable calving
interval with a large number of ser
vices per conception or an exces
sive reproductive culling rate,
neither of which ar» profitable.
Calving interval is influenced
by several components such as
interval to first service, heat detec
tion rate and conception rate. The
information to calculate these is
available on the DHIA report.
For example, conception rate is
the inverse of services per concep
tion (1 divided by services per
conception).
By analyzing each of these com
ponents one can determine the
weak link contributing to a less
than desirable calving interval.
A common mistake in review
ing records is to focus on averages
and fail to look at the distribution
of cows around that average.
The DHIA summary provides
the distribution of cows by various
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categories of days open (<6O,
60-89, 90-119, 120-149 and >
149); number of cows with one,
two. three, or four or more ser
vices; and the distribution of inter
vals between breedings.
There are several other impor
tant reproductive indices listed on
the DHIA reports which will pro
vide clues to potential problem
areas.
When all the data is critically
examined, the management team
should be able to determine the
strong and weak points of the
system.
Certain parameters such as first
service, conception rate, overall
conception rate, interval to first
service, pregnancy rate and per
cent cows pregnant by 120 days
could be posted monthly so that the
staff could routinely monitor the
situation.
Accurate records are critical to
the management team when
attempting to diagnose problems
in reproductive management and
build efficiency into the dairy
operation.
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“A strong, prudent board of
directors challenges management
and staff to seek the greatest return
on our investment in ADC,
creating the highest net return to
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—Richard & Janet Kriebel
Benton, PA
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