(Continued from Page D 2)
1. Mika Kolhsr, 2. Lton Huntar.
CLASS 288 PEN OF LAMBS: Laon Hunter.
CLASS 289 QET-OF-SIRE: 1. MIKe Kolher.
2. Leon Hunter. _ .
CLASS 290 FLOCK: 1. Mike Kolher. 2. Amy
Sue Ethelmen. 3. Isaac Garget.
CLASS 291 PREMIER BREEDER; Mike
CLASS 292 PREMIER EXHIBITOR: Mike
Kolher.
Grazing
Gazette
PENNSTATE
College of Agricultural Sciences
in cooperation with USDA/ARS
FEED THE COWS,
NOT PARASITES
David R. Wolfgang, VMD
Penn State University
The renewed interest in
grazing, especially intensive graz
ing, implies that animals will be
on pastures at times when parasite
transmission can occur. Several
estimates report that as many as 90
percent of all cattle have some
level of parasite infestation.
These same surveys place the
annual cost of parasitism to (he
cattle industry at more than $2OO
million.
Parasitism may be in the form
of protozoa, such as coccida or
cryptosporida, as well as in the
form of nematodes (commonly
thought of as stomach, intestinal,
or round worms). The goal of a
parasite control system is not the
elimination of the parasite but
rather the development of a sys
tem that maximizes profitability
and minimizes the negative effects
on animal health.
Coccidia and Cryptosporidia are
small one-celled organisms called
protozoa. These internal parasites
commonly infect calves, although
adult animals that do not have
immunity or that are stressed
(such as at calving time) may be
clinically affected.
Coccida and cryptosporida
inhibit the absorption of some of
the nutrients and water. A mild to
moderately severe diarrhea may
develop. Many calves in a group
can be affected and show signs
such as weight loss and rough hair
coat. Seldom will these organisms
be pathogenic enough to kill an
animal by themselves, although
their debilitating effects may leave
the animal susceptible to other
infections. It is also important to
note that Cryptosporidia may be
infectious to humans. Careful
attention to handwashing follow
ing handling of calves with diar
rhea, especially by children, is
important.
Following exposure and infec
tion most animals will develop
The most important members of the nematode parasite
group are Ostertagia, Trichostrongylus, Haemochus,
Cooperia, and Nemotadirus. Eggs from these stomach or
intestinal parasites are passed in the manure onto the
ground where they hatch under the proper conditions.
Typically the moisture of the cow patty plus temperatures
of 41-91°F are sufficient to hatch the egg to the larval I
(LI) form. Lower temperatures and dryness tend to inhibit
hatching, while higher temperatures are fatal to hatched
larava.
Precipitation is usually necessary to move the larva
from the manure to the forage and complete the develop
ment of the larva to the infective L 3 stage. In our climate
zone there is a buildup of L 3 on the pastures during the late
summer and early fall. Some larvae survive the extremes
of winter, while most larvae are killed.
Once ingested the larva reaches maturity in approxi
mately 21 days and females lay eggs for 30 to 60 days. Egg
production varies, but it is not unusual for a single female
to produce several thousand eggs per day. Animals less
than IS months old ate generally the most severely
affected. Older animals tend to have immunity which lim-
NAILE Exhibit Rises To Top
SHROPSHIRE
CLASS 300 YEARLING RAM: 1. Wey Shrop
shire*. 2. Rob Brown.
CLASS 302 SPRING RAM LAMB: 1. Wey
Shropshire*. 2. Rob Brown. 3. Rob Brown.
CLASS 303 PAIR OF RAM LAMBS: 1. Wey
Shropshire*. 2. Rob Brown. 3. Jessica N.
McMurtria.
CLASS 304 CHAMPION RAM; Way
Shropshire*.
CLASS 305 RESERVE CHAMPION RAM:
Wey Shropshire*.
immunity and be protected from
reinfection for most if not all of
the rest of their life. Therefore, it
is recommended that producers
consult with their veterinarian to
establish protocols to determine
which animals are at risk and
recommend treatment or preven
tion strategies.
Coccida may be treated with
amprolim (Corid) or a vareity of
sulfonamide antibacterials. Cur
rently there is no effective treat
ment for Cryptosporidia. One
experimental drug shows some
promise, but is not yet available.
Preventive compounds that will
help to limit infection by coccida
are amprolium (Corid), decoquin
ate (Decox),' lasocid (Bovatec),
and monensin (Rumensin).
Animals become infected by
fecal contamination of their feed
or water. Therefore, control strate
gies for the protozoan parasites
center on sanitation. Areas near
waterers and feeders should be
well drained and scraped frequent
ly. Buckets, feed troughs, creep
feeders, and waterers should be
free of fecal contamination and
cleaned frequently.
Animals should be in groups,
that are appropriate for their size
and in as small a number as is
feasible to avoid overcrowding.
The organisms tend to be resistant
to many forms of disinfectants,
but their use may reduce the num
bers of organisms. Good old
fashioned practices such as dry
ing, exposing .feeders, hutches,
and etc. to the sunlight will also
greatly reduce the organisms pre
sence in the environment.
The greatest difficulty in reduc
ing if not eliminating these para
sites is due to their ability to per
sist in the environment. That old
pasture the calves were in two
years ago, or that old shed that
hasn’t housed calves for awhile, or
that low spot in the pasture that
was buried under two feet of snow
could all potentially reinfect this
year’s crop of calves.
CLASS 306 YEARLING EWE: 1. Wey
Shropshire*. 2. Wey Shropshire*. 3. Billy
Georg* Leib.
CLASS 307 FALL EWE LAMB: 1. Wey
Shropshire*. 2. Wey Shropshire*.
CLASS 308 SPRING EWE LAMB: 1. Wey
Shropshires. 2. Rob Brown. 3. Jessica
Nailor.
CLASS 309 PAIR OF EWE LAMBS: 1 . Wey
Shropshires. 2. Rob Brown. 3 Jessica N.
McMurtrle.
CLASS 310 CHAMPION EWE: Wey
Shropshires.
CLASS 311 RESERVE CHAMPION EWE;
Rob Brawn.
CLASS 312 BREEDER'S YOUNG FLOCK;
1. Wey Shropshires. 2. Rob Brown.
CLASS 313 PEN OF LAMBS: 1. Wey Shrop
shlres. 2. Rob Brown. 3 Jessica N.
McMurtrle.
CLASS 314 GET-OF-SIRE: 1. Wey Shrop
shires. 2. Rob Brown. 3. Jessica N.
McMurtrle
CLASS 315 FLOCK: 1. Wey Shropshires 2.
Rob Brown.
CLASS 316 PREMIER BREEDER' Wey
Shropshires.
CLASS 317 PREMIER EXHIBITOR. Wey
Shropshires.
CLASS 325 YEARLING RAM 1. James Her
ns. 2. Stephanie Kauffman.
CLASS 326 FALL RAM LAMB' 1 Steve
Kwlsnek. 2. Peggy McCrumb McConn.
CLASS 327 SPRING RAM LAMB: 1. Jennif
er L Flinchaugh. 2. Steve KwlsneK. 3. Steve
Kwisnek.
CLASS 328 PAIR OF RAM LAMBS; 1. Steve
Kwisnek. 2. Peggy McCrumb McConn. 3.
Jennifer L. Flinchaugh.
CLASS 329 CHAMPION RAM. Steve
FARM SHOW
HAY FIELD CURED NO
HEAT
CLASS 1 ALFALFA FIRST CUTTING FIELD
DRIED ONLY: 1. Melvin G. Miller. 2. John
Valkovec. 3. Ron Bush.
CLASS 2 ALFALFA LATER CUTTING
FIELD DRIED ONLY: 1. Rodney Sealand. 2.
Glenn K. Carper. 3. John Valkovec.
CLASS 3 ALFALFA GRASS MIXED FIRST
CUTTING FIELD DRIED ONLY: 1. Jeff
Reed.
CUSS 4 ALFALFA GRASS MIXED UTER
CUTTING FIELD DRIED ONLY; 1. John Val
kovec. 2. Y Brookside Farm. 3. Dave I Bon
nie Klinger.
CLASS 5 CLOVER. FIELD DRIED ONLY; 1
Mack Farms.
CLASS 6 CLOVER, GRASS MIXED FIELD
DRIED ONLY; I,'Mack Farm*. 2. Christ's
Farm. 3. Hatred Farm.
CLASS 7 GRASS, FIRST CUTTING FIELD
DRIED ONLY; 1. Carl Gates. 2. Mack Farms.
3. Travis Harshmon.
CLASS 8 GRASS. LATER CUTTING FIELD
DRIED ONLY; 1 . Rodney Sealand. 2. Excel
sior Farm. 3. Carl Gates.
CLASS 9 MIXED, MORE THAN 50% OF
LEGUMES FIELD DRIED ONLY: 1. Carl
Gates. 2. J. William Henry. 3. Travis
Harshmon.
CLASS 10 MIXED, MORE THAN 50% OF
GRASSES FIELD DRIED ONLY: 1. Rodney
Sealand. 2 Kevin G. Rice. 3. Y Brookslde
Farm.
HAY FIELD CURED +
HEAT DRIED
CUSS 11 ALFALFA, FIRST CUTTING: 1.
Robert Bleber. 2. Heldel Hollow Farm.
CUSS 12 ALFALFA, UTER CUTTING: 1.
Jay McCarrell. 2. Robert Bieber. 3. Heldel
Hollow Farm.
CLASS 14 ALFALFA GRASS MIXED,
UTER CUTTING: 1. Jay McCarrell.
CUSS 17 GRASS, FIRST CUTTING: 1. Jay
McCarrell.
CUSS 18 GRASS, UTER CUTTING' 1
Jay McCarrell.
CUSS 19 MIXED. MORE THAN 50% OF
LEGUMES' 1. Jav McCarrell
its the infection and production effects.
Strategic plans are usually geared for pasture systems as
little or no parasite transmission occurs in most confine
ment or feedlot systems. This does not eliminate the need
to treat young animals as they enter such systems, if para
sites are limiting their performance. However, in pasture
systems the goal is to maximize economic performance,
by minimizing the deleterious effects of the parasites that
can be acquired while on pasture. The most effective
strategy involves the use of appropriately timed treat
ments to prevent the build up of infective L 3 larvae on the
pasture.
Young stock are-given a wormer three weeks after turn
outand then this is repeated in approximately 3 to 4 weeks
(or up to 8 weeks if ivermectin is used). Animals that were
pastured the year before may harbor an arrested form of
the parasite (L 4) in their tissues. These animals should be
treated with a compound that kills the L 4 forth. Currently
ivermectin (Ivomec) and albendazole (Valbezan) have the
best documented efficacy against the LA form. Many other
pharmaceuticals, including sustained release products
SOUTHDOWN
Farm
Hay,
Lancaster Farming, Saturday, January 13, 1996-D3
At Farm Show
Kwisnek.
CLASS 330 RESERVE CHAMPION RAM:
Jennifer L. Flmchaugh.
CLASS 331 YEARLING EWE: 1. Jennifer L.
Flmchaugh 2. Steve Kwisnek. 3. Matt
Trosde.
CLASS 332 FALL EWE LAMB: 1. Peggy
McCrumb McConn. 2. Matt T rostle. 3. Jennif
er L. Fllnchaugh.
CUSS 333 SPRING EWE UM6:I Steve
Kwisnek. 2. Kyle M Fleener. 3 Jennifer L
Fllnchaugh.
CUSS 334 PAIR OF EWE UMBS 1 Steve
Kwisnek. 2. Kyle M Fleener 3. Jennifer L.
Fllnchaugh.
CLASS 335 CHAMPION EWE: Steve
Kwisnek.
CUSS 336 RESERVE CHAMPION EWE
Jennifer L Fllnchaugh.
CUSS 337 BREEDER'S YOUNG FLOCK
1. Steve Kwisnek. 2. Brace L. Snyder. 3. Matt
Trosde
CUSS 338 PEN OF UMBS. 1 Steve Kwis
nek. 2 Jennifer L Flmchaugh 3 Matt
Trosde
CUSS 339 GET-OF-SIRE; 1. Steve Kwis
nek. 2 Jennifer L. Flmchaugh 3 Matt
Trosde.
CUSS 340 FLOCK: 1. Steve Kwisnek. 2
Jennifer L. Flmchaugh. 3 Matt Trosde,
CUSS 341 PREMIER BREEDER Steve
Kwisnek.
CUSS 342 PREMIER EXHIBITOR' Steve
Kwisnek.
SUFFOLK
CUSS 350 YEARLING RAM: 1. Lyn Lee
Farms 2 Denny Haugh
CUSS 351 FALL RAM UMB: 1. Lyn Lee
Farms. 2. Breezeview Farm.
CUSS 352 SPRING RAM LAMB-1. Lyn Lee
Farms. 2. William & Elvabeth MacCauley. 3.
Lyn Leo Farms.
CUSS 353 PAIR OF RAM UMBS: 1. Lyn
Show Presents
Grain Results
HAY FIELD CURED + PRE
SERVATIVE
CUSS 21 ALFALFA, FIRST CUTTING 1
Don C. Myers.
CUSS 22 ALFALFA. UTER CUTTING: 1.
Y Brookside Farm. 2. Don C. Myers. 3. Glenn
K. Carper.
CUSS 23 ALFALFA, GRASS MIXED FIRST
CUT: 1. Heidel Hollow Farm
CLASS 24 ALFALFA, GRASS MIXED
UTER CUT' 1 Y Brookside Farm. 2. Kevin
G Rice. 3 Kenneth L Baldner
CUSS 27 GRASS, FIRST CUTTING; 1
Heidel Hollow Farm.
CLASS 30 MIXED MORE THAN 50%
GRASSES: 1 Kenneth L Baldner. 2. Kevin
G. Rice.
CUSS 31 HAY, GRAND CHAMPION: Jay
McCarrell
CLASS 32 HAY, RESERVE GRAND
CHAMPION: Rodney Sealand
SMALL GRAINS BARLEY
CUSS 7A BARSOY: 1. David Wlckard. 2.
Ed Wlckard. 3. Jeff Wlckard
CUSS 7C PENNCO: 1. David Wickard. 2.
Ed Wlckard. 3. Jeff Wickard.
CUSS 7D WYSOR; 1. David Wlckard. 2.
Vernon Wlckard. 3. Christ’s Farm.
CUSS 8A BARLEY, GRAND CHAMPION
David Wickard
t . PAY OFF!
such as morantei (Paratec), can be an effective part of the
control strategy if directed against the adult parasite and
nonarrested forms. Many compounds are not labelled for
use in lactating cattle, or in cattle older than IS months.
Please contact your veterinarian to help select appropriate
pharmaceuticals for your unique situation. The use of a
fall treatment is somewhat controversial. However, if a
fall treatment at the end of the grazing season is deemed
necessary, a compound effective against the L 4 form
should be used.
Good pasture management can greatly reduce the para
site burden as well. Keeping the sward relatively short,
avoiding overgrazing, moving the animals frequently and
minimizing manure buildup will greatly reduce the num
ber of infective larvae.
Take time now, prior to the grazing season, to consult
with your veterinarian, nutritionist, county agent, or other
ag professional to develop a plan to minimize the parasite
burden in your animals. It is much better for the health of
your animals and your wallet to prevent serious infection
by these oiganisms, rather than rely on treatment aftci
infection and disease have begun.
lee Farms 2. Shane M Conaway. 3
Breezeview Farm.
CLASS 354 CHAMPION RAM- Lyn lee
Farms
CLASS 355 RESERVE CHAMPION RAM
Lyn Lee Farms.
CLASS 356 YEARLING EWE 1. Lyn Lee
Farms. 2. Melanie Snyder 3. Lyn Lee Farms
CLASS 357 FALL EWE LAMB; 1. Lyn Lee
Farms. 2. Breezeview Farm. 3. David H
Cole.
CLASS 358 SPRING EWE LAMB: 1. Shane
M Conaway 2 William & Elizabeth Mac-
Cauley 3. Kelly Pike
CLASS 359 PAIR OF EWE LAMBS' 1. Wil
liam & Elizabeth MacCauley. 2 Lyn Lee
Farms 3. Shane M Conaway.
CUSS 360 CHAMPION EWE Shane M
Conaway
CUSS 361 RESERVE CHAMPION EWE
William a Elizabeth MacCauley.
CUSS 362 BREEDER'S YOUNG FLOCK,
1 William a Elizabeth MacCauley. 2 Lyn
Lee Farms. 3 Shane M Conaway
CUSS 363 PEN OF UMBS. 1 Lyn Lee
Farms 2 Shane M Conaway 3 Breeze
view Farm.
CLASS 364 GET-OF-SIRE 1 Lyn Lee
Farms. 2. Shane M Conaway. 3 Breeze
view Farm.
CUSS 365 FLOCK- 1. Lyn Lee Farms 2
Shane M Conaway. 3 Breezeview Farm
CUSS 366 PREMIER BREEDER Lyn Lee
Farms.
CLASS 367 PREMIER EXHIBITOR Lyn Lee
Farms.
CHAMPION MEAT/WOOL BREEDS
CLASS 477 CHAMPION RAM OF MEAT
BREEDS: Lyn Lee Farms.
CLASS 478 CHAMPION EWE OF MEAT
BREEDS Mike Kolher.
CLASS 481 GRAND CHAMPION OF MEAT
BREEDS' Mike Kolher
SMALL GRAINS MISCEL
LANEOUS
CLASS 9A SOYBEANS. ANY VARIETY' 1.
David Wlckard. 2 Wendy Wlckard. 3 Jeff
Wlckard.
CLASS 10A BUCKWHEAT, JAPANESE OR
SILVERHULL: 1 EdWickard 2 David Wick
ard. 3 Jeff Wlckard
CLASS 11A RYE, ANY VARIETY: 1 Vernon
Wlckard. 2. Ed Wickard. 3. Jeff Wickard.
CLASS 14A TIMOTHY SEED: 2. Wendy
MIW- WHEAT
CLASS 1A CLARKE' 3. Vernon Wlckard.
CLASS 1B DYNASTY: 1. David Wlckard.
CLASS 1C FILLMORE: 1. Vernon Wickard
2. Ed Wlckard. 3. Wendy Wickard.
CLASS 1D MADISON' 1. Ed Wickard. 2 Ver
non Wickard.
CLASS 2C FILLMORE. VOC CLASS: 2.
Keith Frey.
CLASS 2E PENNMQRE, VOC CLASS' 2
Jeuica Neff.
CLASS 3A WHEAT, GRAND CHAMPION
"WTeRAINS - OATS
CLASS 4B HERCULESE: 1. Wendy Wick
ard. 2. Ed Wickard. 3. David Wckard.
CLASS 4C OGLE: 1. Jeff Wckard. 2 Ed
Wickard. 3. Vernon Wckard.
CLASS 4D PORTER: 1. Ed Wickard 2
David Wckard. 3 Christ's Farm
CLASS 6A OATS. GRAND CHAMPION' Ed
Wickard