Farmers Use Technology To Limit, Utilize
AMES, lowa—According tot
report just released, as environ
mental regulation of waste dispos
al tightens, scores of technologies
are bong developed and refined to
limit agricultural waste and to
convert it into marketable prod
ucts.
The report was released by the
Council for Agricultural Science
and Technology (CAST), a lead
ing consortium of more than 30
professional scientific societies.
Dr. Larry Boenma, professor of
soil science at Oregon State Uni
versity. and Ishwar P. Murarka of
the Palo Alto Electric Power Re
search Institute cochaired the
22-person task force report,
“Waste Management and Utiliza
tion in Food Production and Pro
cessing.’’ The authors state that
virtually all waste products in
agriculture have the potential to be
useful as crop nutrients, pet foods,
or feed ingredients.
Because fertilizer is a primary
expense in crap production, ef
forts are ongoing to develop better
tests of fertilizer need. “Precision
farming” uses satellite technology
to determine fertilizer application
rates. A relatively simple ap
proach being used by many form
ers interested in saving on the fer
tilizer bill is to leave crop residue
which helps recycle nutrients
back to the soil on the field.
In the near future, crop residue
also will be used for fuel on-farm
or within a few miles of it And
evolving technologies and eco
nomic conditions well may lead to
increased and more effective use
of crop residue as animal feed.
Almost all solid by-products of
poultry processing plants are be
ing converted into animal by
product meals. Anaerobically fer
mented feathers offer a new pro
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cess for feather waste treatment
that may provide a valuable new
protein for mooogastric animals.
One use of a number of poultry
wastes is land application. Poultry
manure could supply a consider
able portion of die nation’s fertil
izer requirements for a variety of
crops. Another alternative use of
poultry manure is in the produc
tion of biogas.
Pork production annually gen
erates 30 percent of methane
emissions from U.S. livestock and
poultry. And about 150,000 tons
of hog carcasses must be disposed
of annually in the United States.
Hog carcasses are being ren
dered into meat and bone meal,
animal fat, and plastics. Raw hog
waste combined with com and fer
mented is being used as a compon
ent of animal radons.
Beef cattle and calves on U.S.
farms produce approximately 97
million tons of manure per year.
But although concentrating ani
mals in feedlots instead of let
ting them roam has economic
advantages, it increases the poten
tial for water and air pollution.
' Methods being used to control
air pollution from cattle feedlots
include watering unpaved roads,
watering feedlot surfaces with
mobile tankers or solid set sprink
lers, and controlling stocking rate
in relation to rainfall and evapora
tion.
Manure collected from cattle
feedlots contains nitrogen, phos
phorus, mid potassium, three pri
mary fertilizer inputs. By using
sprinkler irrigation instead of fur
row irrigation, some farmers are
controlling runoff while using
manure to help fertilize fields.
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Minimizing waste is especially
important in die dairy industry be
cause great quantifies of water are
used in production. Farmers are
finding that the best opportunities
for decreasing daily water usage
arise during preparation and man
ual flushing of concrete surfaces.
Automatic shut-off valves on
water-supply hoses in milking
purler, milk house, and barnyard
have proved the most effective
means of helping control waste.
Milking center waste can be
used in many ways for exam
ple, as animal feed. The liquid
from plants is being used in irriga
tion, some solids are being used as
bedding, and waste is being by
processed to capture energy for
heating the milk house or for sani
tizing hot water.
Several processing practices in
the seafood industry require great
amounts of water. The potential
exists to capture and concentrate
this liquid and to use it as a natural
flavoring agent Fish fertilizer is
•becoming economically and en
vironmentally desirable to crop
growers. Additionally, waste gen
erated from crustaceans such as
crabs is being used in aquaculture
feeds because it contains a red pig
ment desirable in some aquatic
species.
Most waste loss in the fruit and
vegetable industries occurs as a
result of insect damage, mechani
cal problems during harvest, and
poor growing conditions. Promis
ing opportunities to limit waste
therefore involve plant genetics.
Ripening processes also can be
controlled in this manner. Some
genetic engineers are making
plant skins tougher to minimize
bruising during harvest
Processors of oils routinely dis-
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pose of soapstock in a variety of
ways. Some use it to produce fetty
acid. Some sell it taw on the open
market and others spray it on.
meal as a fat additive.
In the last two decades, food
processing firms have decreased
their outputs of pollutants. At the
same lime, a new emphasis has
been placed on converting wastes
AJCA Reports
(Continued from P«a* A3*)
lactation Mature Equivalent (ME)
average of 2S.S2BM, 1.039 F, and
816 P.
Aubumvue Berretta Carmel, the
second high seller, was purchased
by Travis Ferreira, LeMoore,
Calif., for $4,400. “Carmel” was
consigned by Aubumvue Jerscvs.
Greensboro, Ala. She has a PA of
+1.232M, +2SF, +S2P, +l5BP$,
+I9OCYS, +2.1 Type, and +284
PTI. A daughter of Mason Boomer
Sooner Berretta, PTI +399, the
dam is Aubumvue Sky Line Car
mine, with a projected ME o f
18.180 M, 746 F, and6SBPat 1 year
10 months.
John Nash, Ephrata, Wash., pur
chased the third-high-selling ani
mal when he bid $3,700 for Molly
Brook Berretta Money, consigned
by Molly Brook Farms. West Dan
ville, Vt “Money” has a" PA of
+1.097M, +39F, +4BP, +l52P$,
+IB2CYS, +2.6 Type, and +295
PTI. Like “Carmel,” she is sired by
Mason Boomer Sooner Berretta.
Her dam is Molly Brook Duncan
Monique, Excellent-90 percent
with a three-lactation ME average
of 20.509 M, I.OIOF, and 753 P.
Jersey Jug
In other business, Bachelors B
Sooner Jessie was named the
National Jersey Jug Futurity
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LmcMlir Finning, Saturday, December 8, 1995-A37 -
Waste
to marketable by-products.
There is a considerable quantity
of waste with the potential to en
hance world food supplies. Recy
cling of food by-products is mote
likely when traditionally used ma
terials are scarce or expensive. Im
proved watte recycling is possible
through continued technological
development
champion. She is owned by Max
and Sieve Bachelor and family, of
Angola, Ind. The Bachelors
received $2,055 and numerous tro
phies and banners.
The winner is sired by Soldier
boy Boomer Sooner of CJF, PTI
+252. Her dam is Bovi-Lact Jus
tins A Jess 23X, Excellent-90 per
cent “Jessie” has a one-lactation
Mature Equivalent (ME) average
of 16.043 M, 7IBF, and 629 P. She
was bred by Max and Steve Bache
lor and Family.
The second place cow was
Sooner Elise'of SSF, Excellent-90
percent She is a daughter of Sol
dierboy Boomer Sooner of CJF
and her dam is Washington Elise
of SSF. She is owned by George
and Karen Hanford, Marcellus,
N.Y., and was bred by Susan
Luchsinger, Syracuse, N.Y.
Third place was awarded to
Maple Lawn Lester Loni, owned
by Jeff D. Schweigeit, Tremont,
lU. “Loni” is sired by Highland
Duncan Lester, PTI +3Ol. Her dam
is Maple Lawn Justin Joni,
Excellent-92 percent. “Loni” has
completed one lactation, which
had an ME of 24.162 M, 903 F, and
837 P. She was bred by John C.
Schweigert, Tremont 111.
The Jersey Jug Futurity began in
1954 when 24 females were nomi
nated for the show. In 1956, the
Jug was given a wider scope when
it moved from Delaware. Ohio, to
the Ohio State Fair. Then in 1959,
the Jersey Jug became a national
event when it came under the spon
sorship of the American Jersey
Cattle Association.
Animals are nominated as
calves with hopes that in three
years they will be a winner. The
total nomination fee is $56 during
the three-year process and the
exhibitor is guaranteed that money
in premiums if the animal is shown
in the Jersey Jug. This year there
was $9,770 to be divided between
the 34 final entries.
John Batchelder, Quanyville,
Pa., served as the judge and Don
Josi, Tillamook, Oregon, was the