CHARLES PITTS
Penn State Extension
Entomologist
STATE COLLEGE (Centre
Co,) Most people think only of
flies as problems around dairy fa
cilities during the summer months
but there is one problem that is
present that we don’t normally
think of. This is the many species
of mosquitoes that feed on both
man and animals.
People can feel the bites when
they are outside, but the mosqui
toes that feed at night are not
plainly visible when they feed on
animals.
For practical purposes, the
numerous species of mosquitoes
that we will have to deal with can
be grouped on the basis of simi
larities in their larval habitat pre
ferences, which generally reflect
other important aspects of their
ecology.
A convenient grouping of spe
cies includes: (1) The permanent
pool group (2) the transient water
group, (3) the flood water group,
and (4) the artificial container and
tree-hole group.
Permanent Pool
Mosquito species belonging to
the permanent pool group are gen
erally found in fresh bodies of qui
et water exposed to sunlight and
containing an abundance of sur
face vegetation at the air-water
plant interface.
Typical habitats are shallow
margins of ponds, lakes and small
impoundments, the main charac
terisuc being a degree of perman
ency. Such habitats are particular
ly suitable for Anopheles, Culex
spp., and Mansonia spp.
The mosquito species inhabit
ing permanent waters deposit their
Cggs on the water surface, singly
in the case of anopheles, and in
lafts in the case of Culex and Man
sonia.
Oviposition egg laying sites are
sheltered from wave action and
are always.in the presence of ve
getation suitable for larval protec
tion or attachment.
Breeding is generally contin
uous in these species with several
generations per year. The effec
tive flight range of permanent
pool species are relatively short,
usually within a mile or so of the
breeding area.
Transient Water
The members of the transient
water group are mostly Culiseta
spp., plus some Culex. Their ha
bits are similar to those in the per
manent pool group, but they seem
Automatic Systems
- •
USED
100-KW Deisel 200-KWDeisel 150-KWDeisel
SERVICE
MAXI-POWER DISPATCH I
M 330 Fonderwhlte Rd. Lebanon, PA 17042 _
'Eliminate Tiresome Mosquito Problems
to be more associated with pools
of a temporary nature as opposed
to species with an affinity for
ponds and lakes.
Typical sites are roadside ditch
es, barrow pits, canals, ground
pools, clogged streams, irrigated
land etc. Flight range similar to
permanent water group.
Floodwater Group
The floodwater species of mos
quitoes of the genera of Aedes and
Psorophora deposit their eggs
singly on damp soul in grassy or
woodland depressions or along
vegetated shorelines that are inter
mittently flooded. Salt marsh
mosquitoes are also included in
this group.
When the eggs are flooded after
a perios of desiccation, they will
hatch if conditions are favorable.
Otherwise the eggs may remain
dormant and viable on the soil un
til a more favorable inundation.
Typically, large numbers are
produced-at a hatching; larval de
velopment is uniform and adults.,
may appear as early as six days af
ter flooding.
Some species produce a single
brood, while many produce multi
ple generations per year. These
species are particularly trouble
some as pests and some character
istically fly long distances.
Artificial Container,
Tree-Hole Group
Characteristic of the artificial
container and tree-hole group are
members of the genus Aedes, with
specialized habits.
The eggs are laid singly on the
inside wall of the container, at or
above the waterline, and hatch
when inundated after a period of
desiccation. Over wintering is in
the egg stage and there are multi
ple broods.
The oviposition sites include
natural cavities containing water,
such as tree holes but frequently
are found in artificial containers
with leafy sediment or decaying
leaves.
Control
After having read about the dif
ferent breeding sites, it becomes
clear that the farmer alone can
make an impact on mosquito
populations in their area.
Things a dairy producer can do
are as follows:
1. Make sure there is no stand
ing water on their premises that
will breed mosquitoes. The main
breeding site on daily farms are in
old tires. If you are still using tires
on your silage pits you should
think of using half tires that have
holes punched in the sidewall so
there is no possibility of holding
water.
These half tires are easy to
throw on the pit and can be stack
ed easily when not in use. These
half tires can be purchased from
Mahantango Ent Inc., Liverpool.
2. Schedule outdoor events dur
ing daylight hours. Mosquitoes
are the most active during sun
down hours.
3. Mosquitoes do not like high
winds, so fans directed on outdoor
activities may give some relief.
MAIL BOX f.V.RKf I
FOR SALE
5 bottom MM eusion trip
plow $5OO 080. Berks Co.
810-844-8380.
Syr work horse, lead horse,
alto smooth mouth mare
$6OO 080. Lane. Co.
717-658-8137.
6wk old border collie pups,
Ben Stottzfus, 1/2 mile N of
Myers town, first roaefcß, 44
Golf Rd. Lebanon Co
Antique weaver pump
organ with high top and
beveled mirror $5OO 080.
Must sell. Lane. Co.
717-445-4439.
American eskimo puppies,
have mother and father,
shots and wormed, home
raised, have 4 males, 2
females, $175 each. Depo
sit will hold. Snyder Co.
717-837-1814.
2000 bd ft seasoned oak
boards. York Co.
717-993-2704.
1988 Troy Bilt filter 8 PTO
furrowing shear, like new
condition, $925. Silver dol
lars 1027 1928 $25 each.
York Co. 717-741-2215.
Walls unlimited concrete
bunker silo walls Bxl2o' w/
supports $2OOO 080.
Chester Co. 717-687-7000.
275 gal oil tank 1971 RlO
Renault, used bee supers
some new. Del Co.
610-459-3347.
Free-two neutered goats,
6mth, brown, white male,
Katahdin hair sheep $5O,
silver and white muscovy
ducks. Burlington Co.
609-894-0313.
Generator 3kva Onan twin
cylinder air cooled 12v or
pull start, output 12v 110 v,
220 v $250. Chester Co.
610-469-9188.
Solo 5 gal backpack spray
er w/engine, 80PSI, max,
plus 60' tree ext model 422
exc oond $375. Moses Belt
er, RR'j , Box 199 C, Logan
ton, PA 17747. Clinton Co.
29* Marauder travel trailer,
furnace, full bath, stove,
refrigerator, good condi
tion, Aughwick Creek
Campground. Huntingdon
Co. 814-447-3383.
Whole sale Christmas
trees, scotch pine, sft Bft $5
baled. Fulton Co.
485-4179.
Farmall M tractor, 1949,
good running condition,
shed stored, good tires,
wheel weights, PTO,
hydraulics, good for restor-
Ing. Yor
717-229-2192.
Miniature donkeys, 3 year
old bred jennet, 6 month
old jennet, 5 year old jack,
jack russel terriers. Centre
Co. 614-349-5536.
Alaska stoker stove, 30000
BTU, good cond $5OO.
Sioux Model 202 pressure
washer, good cond $250.
Complete Sioux steam
cleaner Model 160 C, $550.
Schuylkill Co.
717-386-3141.
Wild turkeys, $lB each. 4
year old pair of emu $l2OO.
Yearling rheas $95 each.
Bradford Co.
717-364-5812.
Dillihi
ir 454 12* hammi
mill flat belt $lOO. Wheel
horse 1075 mower $3OO.
1/21 chain hoist $45. York
Co. 717-292-1802.
4. Fog in the evening. Fogging
during the day does not give good
mosquito kill because the mosqui
toes must be flying to pick up
enough pesticides to receive a
lethal dose.
5. Use insect repellent when out
of doors.
6. If not too hot, wear long
sleeves to give protection from
bites.
7. No chemical treatment of
dairy animals is necessary if prop- •
er sanitation measures are taken
by removing breeding sites.
Ford 8N tractor and Woods
sft finish mower $3500.
Fully restored showroom
condition. Chester Co.
610-869-0711.
Wood splitter electric
craftsman on small wheels,
2 wedges $3OO. Alaskan HI
fits 38" chainsaw blade,
slab lumber $95. Bradford
Co. 717-537-2897.
Delaval separator number
15 complete SSO. Kendall
WWI? oil jars $25 each.
License plate tydol man
$4O each. Wayne Co.
717-785-3353.
One row pull type New Idea
corn husker, like new
$2500. Berks CO.
610-845-2674.
Hay alfalfa Timothy mix
excellent for horses, deliv
ery available. Indiana Co.
814-749-8489.
Stoker boiler unit, AP 520
EFM with 5 gallon coil,
extra blower, and gear box.
Lehigh Co. 610-298-2304
JD com harvester, chop
per, has PTO drive, 3000
ril skid tank, call mornings
9 a.m. Montgomery Co.
610-933-7663.
1/2 bu apple picking bags,
10 with metal liners and 8
with just canvas liner.
Chester Co. 610-269-3494.
Clay 70ft belt feeder, 48ft
belt conveyor 35' belt con
veyor, 24' belt conveyor,
very good condition. Fayet
te Co. 412-628-3993.
Dorset ram, excellent
breeder. Chester Co.
610-869-3302.
Rosenthal stationary, com
husker shredder, belt drive,
steel wheel, Zerk fittings,
shed kept, good condition,
$6OO firm. York Co.
717-235-1549.
Rocky Mt elk raised in NJ
bulls, cows, calves, 5x4
6x6, 7x7, 6x6. Hunterdon
Co. 908-996-6515.
Model T Ford engine, rear
front axle spindels, and
other parts. Montgomery
Co. 610-272-0768.
60 5 gal buckets of amber
local honey $35 per bucket.
Adams Co. 717-528-6891.
Ford 900 lime and fertilizer
spreader truck with pup
trailer. JD 4020, 1360 dis
cbine NH 848 round baler.
Berks Co. 717-933-8695.
John Deere 643 corn head,
$ll5OO. Call between
Ba.m.-sp.m. Used 1200
acres. Somerset PA.
1-800-730-4240.
Oliver 3 point hitch for 660
Oliver fenders, for 1600
bush hog, 7 ft blade 3 point
hitch. Lycoming Co.
717-494-0556.
10 beef type feeder cattle
weighing approx 675
pounds, acclimated ready
to go. Franklin Co.
717-530-1213.
IH #lO, hoe drill 16x8 fert
and timothy seeder, VG
$5OO. Wanted-tracks for
TDIB IH dozer must be
useable. Col Co.
717-799-5425.
Frick sawmill diamond reo
rwr unit good cond $l2OO.
79 FOrd 10 wheeler, dump
tk 308 cat 17ft $lO5OO.
North Co. 717-758-7137.
ISkw on an PTO generator,
on new cart, excellent con
dition. Lane. Co.
717-445-9825.
UMufttfr-nMiifig, afettiMfiy, Octobif 1% mW7
The importance of mosquito
control in the Northeast is that
Culiseta melamra mosquitoes are
the vectors of Eastern Equine En
cephalitis and Aedes spp. are vec
tors of dog heart worm.
The number of cases of these
diseases per year is highly vari
able but the potential for outbreak
numbers is always there. Large
numbers of mosquitoes can be ex
tremely annoying to both man and
animals.
Horse cart, two wheel fun AKC dalmatian puppies,
size on rubber with 32*x6' thole and wormed, also
tag along two wheel wagon stud service dalmatian, cot
to match $425. Perry Co. «•. and pomeranian. Lane.
717-957-3568. Co. 717-733-8770.
Fresh and springing regis
tered holstein heifers vac
and BVD shots. Northum
berland Co. 742-7006.
Snow plow T Meyers pow
er, angle fit, full size veh
$650 080. Sussex Co.
201-875-5289.
Kalamazoo cook stove
$l5O. Milton upright piano
$lOO. Metal cord wood saw
$l5OO. Electric stove and
gas range. Berks Co.
610-488-1365.
Flow EZ trail 300 bushel
gravity bin wagon $2OOO
firm. Franklin Co.
717-328-5233.
Farmall Cub lights r/
weights, new tires, full
cults, fert spreader, good
cond $2250. Wicomico Co.
410-835-3035.
Hereford bulls, organic
raised, gentle all sizes,
feeder prices excellent
breeders choice beef, haul
ing available, shown at
Farm. York Co.
717-432-3188.
Steel wheels 53x12, JO
10ft cultipacker. Lane. Co.
717-354-0159.
10 hole smidley hog feeder
wagon, delivery auger.
New Idea grinder and shell
er, boogs potato grader,
roof vents. Dauphin Co.
717-367-2033.
Ford Jubilee tractor, JD
grain drill, 3pth 12’ harrow,
disc, small trailer frame,
hay and straw. Eves.
Schuylkill Co.
717-467-2609.
German shepherd pups,
AKC ready 10/17, blk tan
$250. Chester Co.
610-593-6927.
International truck, KB with
tide, rototiller models 81-7,
BI7RS manual, two vinyl
air mattresses, 1965 roto
tiller, make offer. Berks Co.
610-369-1559.
Fox 6600 SP harvester,
cab, hydra, 671 Detroit
engine, good condition
$9500 080. Hardy Co.
304-538-6194.
JD 5 bottom rollover plow
$3500. shp milk compres
sor $800.600 gal milk tank
split $4OO. 5001 b gas roller
$l5OO. Northumberland
Co. 717-286-5306.
Registered angus heifers
bred to Al bred bull, will calf
early spring, good quality
bulls. Wantod-stock trailer.
Berks Co. 610-678-9326.
Puppies, Bwks old, blue
healers. Dauphin Co.
717-362-3058,
71 Ford L7OOO with 20' flat
bed dump. 27500 GVW,
strong 1160 cat motor
$4OOO. York Co.
717-456-5403.
Purebred polled simmental
cattle bulls, heifers, cow
calf pairs, starting at $6OO.
Some black. Call anytime.
Bedford Co. 614-733-4705.
Brand new belt, double
v'/ork harness with lines and
bridles $350. Rt 414 Hec
tor, NY. Schuyler Co.
607-546-4153.
VW sandri dune buggy,
1600 cc VW motor trilled
out, dual Webers $2OOO
080. Chester Co.
610-869-2936.
Importance Of
Mosquito Control
Two warm morning coal
stoves $250 each or best
offer, both in excellent con
dition, wilt deliver. Bradford
Co. 717-537-2165.
19' papec cotton 8 knives
seats and 6 knives, 3
shredder bars, good condi
tion. 503 Strasburg Rd,
Paradise, PA 17562. Lane.
Co.
Ford Tempo sdn, 5 spped,
110000 miles, good $950.
Steel door 36x80 $6O. 3
storm doors $35 each.
Lebanon Co.
717-865-2022.
Carriages, restored 4 pass
show trappe $4OOO. Spring
wagon $lBOO. Amish bug
gy $BOO. Mennonite car
riage $BOO. Rocks led $3OO,
more. 16018 Pine Ave,
Kirkwood, NJ.
609-763-8302.
Silage cutter sale or rent,
IH 10E, 4 extra knives,
12997 L and w shredder
bars, 4 wheel smalt unit
good for mulcher $3OO,
more. 16018 Pine Ave,
Kirkwood, NJ.
609-783-8302.
Ford 9N, Ford 801 loader
tractor, sft brushhog, 6ft
grader blade, dirt scoop,
John Deere lawn seeder,
post hole digger. North
ampton Co. 610-759-2796.
Jeep bodies, new original
steel AMC/Jeep CJ7 and
1976-83 CJS body tubs,
new and used CJ7 tail
gates. Lehigh Co.
610-395-3562.
JD 66 blower, field ready
400x4 automatice roller
mill, Delaval vac pump 3hp
new motor. Bedford Co.
814-766-3831.
John Deere bale push bar
for 535 or 435 round baler,
like new $5OO. Lane. Co.
717-653-0897.
Pequea manure spreader
w/tail gate, new bearings
and web, delivery avail,
David King, RRI, Box
126 E, Mill Hall, PA 17751.
Clinton Co
1987 John Deere Model
212 garden tractor with 4'
mower deck and snowb
lower like new condition
$2BOO. Cambria Co.
814-674-5917.
1985 Ford F 250 Explorer
package, 4x4, 351 auto,
AC, AM/FM cassette 69k,
very nice $7OOO. Lane. Co
717-426-2326.
ACDI7 gas w/plow, mower
$2900. Taylorway 12' offset
disk 28' discs, used 200 ac,
$4900 AC 600 c planter,
no fert $750. Harford Co.
410-836-1722.
International harrow, 3 sec
tion Bft has 25 reversible
teeth. Bedford Co.
814-652-2851.
Galvanized hot water tank,
100 gal upright, good cond
$lOO 080. Wanted
shelled com out of field.
Lane. Co. 717-445-6880.
85 Chev SlO Blazer. V 6,
Auto, PS, PB, AC, cloth int,
tinted windows, alum
wheels, runs great $3995.
York Co. 717-741-1518.