P«B» IS-Com Tile. Lanoater Farming, Saturday, October 14,1995
TOO LATE TO
CONTROL PERENNIALS
THIS FALL?
Bill Curran
Penn State
Weed Specialist
Fall is generally the best time
to kill most of our “herbaceous”
perennials such as Canada
thistle, quackgrass, and hemp
dogbane.
It is also the best time to kill
an old legume or grass hay field
or pasture. However, by this
time (mid-October), you may
be asking whether that applica
tion is still worthwhile.
Except for some of the more
cool-season types of peren
nials, the benefit of applying a
herbicide after the first hard
frost is questionable. If in
doubt, examine the plant for
signs of life.
For example, with hemp
dogbane, if the leaves still
appear mostly green and
healthy and the root buds are
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. OI'IIMUM IS AIK AOEMARK (jnilE UUfON f COMPANY, like
pink, an application of Round
tip, 2,4-D, or Banvel could still
pay off.
For the last two seasons, we
compared two application
times (Sept. 1 and Oct. 1) for
several herbicides including
Roundup on hemp dogbane
control in the fall. Although the
early September timing was
slightly better than early Octob
er (80 percent vs. 70 percent
control), both timings were
more effective than spring or
early summer application of
systemic herbicides in com.
With the cooler season spe
cies (Canada thistle, quack
grass, orchardgrass, etc.) we
generally have more time to
make that application. Howev
er, the effectiveness generally
starts to decrease after mid-
September, depending on
location.
In a study conducted by Dr.
Nathan Hartwig, professor of
weed science, the later fall
applications of Roundup on
quackgrass control were less
effective than eariier timings
(Table 1). As a general rule for
cool season species, make
applications before September
30 in northern and western Pen
nsylvania, before October 15 in
central Pennsylvania, and
before November 1 in southern
Pennsylvania.
For our more “fair-weather*’
types of perennials such as
hemp dogbane, bindweed, and
wirestem muhly, move these
dates up by about 1 month.
The application rate for
Roundup is 1 to 2 quarts per
acre (3 to 6 pints per acre for
Ranger). The lower rates of
Roundup require low volume
application (3 to 10 gallons of
Table 1. The following table is from some research conducted in
Central Pennsylvania in the 19705. The effect of application timing
on quackgrass control is readily apparent. Roundup was applied at
1 1/3 quarts per acre.
Time of
Application
Late September
Early October
November
carrier per acre plus surfactant
and ammonium sulfate). Fall
applications of Banvel, 2,4-D,
Banvel +2.4-D, or in combina
tion with Roundup' are also
more effective than spring
treatments on killing old alfalfa
sods or most other perennial
broadleaf species. In addition,
fall applications of Banvel
Percent
Quackgrar.s Control
>90%
80-90%
50-60%
allow for spring soybean or for
age legume plantings, while
spring treatments do not.
The addition of Roundup or
Ranger to 2,4-D and/or Banvel
can broaden the spectrum and is
necessary for grass control.
Banvel and/or 2,4-D LVE rates
are generally 1 to 2 pints per
acre.