Page 14-Poultry Notes Supplement to Lancaster Farming, Saturday, Sept. 23,1995
Bronchitis Could Challenge Broiler, Layer Flocks
(Continued from Page 11) ..
. . ' . . .. . s , , The university performed a sen- formed to track any evidence of the
ty and condemnauon numbers that Investigators ran a senes of Unel bird study fivc virus „ th c flocks.
L^l C St! S ’i S tests * in s lu i ng " ecr .T y i an au ‘°- companies in thc state to evaluate Also, bacteria and histopatholo
first company ranged from 1.93 psy on the dead birds) and tests for the presense ofthe bronchitis virus gy studies were taken of the sen
percent to a whopping 9.94 per- MG, MS, and A.I. Tests again j n flocks, specifically “problem” tinel birds, said Davison. Thirty
£“ virus isolation as the key flocks, according to Davison. The three percent had foamy air sacs,
197I 97 t 0 d,S£aSe ’ sentinel bird study involved nine 30.6 percent showed coccidiosis,
0.97 percent to 6.92 percent, with . . . ~ houses. Five birds were placed in a 17.1 percent had mucus in the tn
-311 2 2 PerCent ‘ Of the 26 isolates obtained, 14 with three portable cages per chea, and 9.9 percent had purulent
Although there was some evi- tested positive for some form of house. After abSut a week* bSs (pus-filled) airsacs.
dence of a bacterial basis for the field store. New positive isolates wereß ken out for studies. After performing virus isolation
disease, evidence pointed to included two Conne Ct , cut / syandserol studies were pe£ using the monoclonal antibody
primary a viral problem,” she Delaware and one Delaware. method, many isolates were dis-
PEQAP And SE Update
HARRISBURG (Dauphin Co.)
Egg associated Salmonella en
teritidis (SE) continues to be of
major public health concern.
In 1994, there were 44 confirm
ed SE outbreaks and 10,000 con
firmed individual cases these
being increased in 1994 because
of the widespread Swann ice
cream outbreak. The 44 confirmed
outbreaks may be compared with
the 59-70 in previous years and
suggest a downward trend.
To dale in 1995, there have
been eight outbreaks. The number
of outbreaks has dropped signifi
candy in Pennsylvania and the
mid-Atlantic area, but is increas
ing in some other areas of the
country.
At least part of the reduction in
Pennsylvania and the mid-Atlan
tic area has been attributed to the
success of PEQAP (Pennsylvania
Egg Quality Assurance Program).
This is expected to be verified
when the second national SE spent
fowl survey is completed in sever
al months. The first national spent
fowl survey was done in 1991. A
national breaker plant survey is
also in progress.
RECYCLING POULTRY
BY-PRODUCTS
FROM SMALL-SCALE
PROCESSING
(Continued from Page 4)
for daily processing and storage until extrusion
could take place. This fermented mixture was
again blended with the dry feed (cassava) and
extruded. Diets containing extruded cassava and
fresh poultry by-product or extruded cassava and
ensiled poultry by-product were compared with
control diets using 3,048 broilers to 6 weeks of
age. Extruded ingredients were included at 20,
25, and 30 percent of the starter, grower and
finisher diets respectively.
No differences in body weight were observed
by 6 weeks (4.05 pounds). Feed conversion of
birds fed the control diets (1.89) was slightly
poorer than birds fed the extruded fresh by
products (1.84). Chilled carcass yield was signif
icantly better for birds fed the control diets (65.6
percent) compared with the extruded ensiled by
products (64.5 percent): however, dietary treat
ments had no effect on the percentage of breast
meat (22.7 percent), thigh (18.8 percent), drum
stick (14.9 percent), or wing (13.1 percent).
These findings suggest that the extruded feeds
resulted in equal live performance and yield
when compared with commercial broiler feeds.
Feed costs were reduced as a result of using the
extruded feeds and ensiling poultry by-products
was a viable method of preservation before
extrusion.
USDA support for PEQAP was
programmed to be significantly
reduced in June 1996 and discon
tinued entirely in October 1997.
If PEQAP is to be continued,
the Poultry Industry, Pennsylvania
Department of Agriculture, and
the Animal Health Commission
will have to assume increased re
sponsibilities. A commitment to
PEQAP is important in this era of
heightened consumer and political
concern about food safety.
Since initiation in February
1994 there have been no confirm
ed tracebacks to flocks participat
ing in PEQAP. The two most re
cent tracebacks in Pennsylvania
were to flocks not in PEQAP. Al
though PEQAP cannot guarantee
“O” risk, it does significandy re
duce the risks of producing or
marketing SE positive eggs. Parti
cipation in the program also de
monstrates the producers’ com
mitment to do everything reason
able to reduce the risk of food
borne illness due to SE. Because
of this, participation should afford
a significant degree of liability
protecdon should a problem be
traced to a participating flock.
Rational Chi,
(Continued from Pago 13)
tains only those bacteria that we
want.”
In the broiler tests, Hume said
the researchers checked not only
the birds’ ceca, but also the crop, a
pouch in the esophagus where sal
monella may gather. Chicks were
examined at 10 days, 21 days, 28
days and 38 days into the test.
As the birds matured, numbers
of salmonella in both treated and
untreated groups declined, bu the
totals were always much lower in
the birds that received CF3, Hume
said.
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“At one and a half weeks, the
PROVEN VALUE
treated birds had about 1,000 Sal
monella typhimurium per gram of
cecal content, compared with 1.5
million in the untreated birds,” he
noted. “In the final check at five
weeks of age, the untreated birds
had about 400 Salmonella typhi
murium per gram, while the treat
ed birds had less than 10.”
The College Station team also
checked poultry litter in the chick
en houses after the birds had been
removed at 38 days of age. They
found about 2,000 Salmonella
typhimurium per gram of litter in
the house where untreated chick
ens had been kept, but less than 20
per gram in the treated chickens’
house.
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covered. But in particular, two new
ones, the Arkansas and Delaware
072, were evident
bi the past the state has not
allowed the 072 and Arkansas vac
cines to be used on flocks in the
state. But because there is evi
dence of the vims on flocks, the
vaccines can now be used at 14
days of age.
The university will be keeping
careful track of the overall effec
tiveness of the vaccines to combat
bronchitis. Also, how extensive
the pathogenicity of the strains are
will be studied in the weeks to
come.
New studies will examine, over
the next several weeks, how the
isolates affect layer flocks, accord
ing to Davison. She indicated that
more work needs to be done,
because bronchitis can also affect
layers.
In addition, the university hopes
to step up its communication of
outbreaks more effectively in the
next months to notify people about
the disease where it is located.
In the meantime, producers
should be aware of the presence of
the isolates and begin
vaccinations.
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