Pork
(Continued from Pago D 2)
• Step 2. Stabilize the breeding
herd. The objective is to get all ani
mals to the same level of immuni
ty. That means introduction of gilt
and boar replacements must stop
for 4-S months. Plan ahead and
bring in all replacements that are
needed to cover the 4-S month
interval. During that time, monitor
the blood titers of specific sows
each month. (Dr. Graybill believes
that vaccination of the sows will
enhance the stabilization of
immunity.)
• Step 3. Determine the herd
profile. Test 30 sows (be sure to
include replacement gilts) and 10
animals from each of the following
groups: recently weaned (4
weeks), late nursery (8 weeks), and
late finishing (S-6 months). If the
herd profile matches the guideline
below, you’re ready for nursery
depopulation: Breeding herd:
negative* 4-week-old pigs: nega
tive* 8-10 week-old pigs:
60-100% positive* 5-6 month-old
pigs: 25-50 percent positive.
• Step 4. Depopulate the
nursery. Once you’re certain there
is no virus shedding in the breed
ing herd, the nursery is ready for
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depopulation. Move all pigs off
site to be finished.
• Step 5. Clean up. Pump the
pits and clean nursery with hot
water (180 to 200 degrees F). Dis
infect with formaldehyde-based
product. Allow the wash and disin
fectant water to remain in pits
overnight. On day 2, pump the pits
and repeat the washing and disin
fection (this time with phenol
based products). Allow the facility
to sit empty from day 3 to 11. On
day 12. pump the pits a third time,
repeat washing and disinfection
(with formaldehyde products).
The nursery can be re-filled on day
14. For producers who can’t tol
erate the 14-day down time, shor
ter layovers have worked.
In a field study on 34 farms
involving 16,000 sows. Dr. Dee
has documented improvements in
both average daily gain and mor
tality in the nursery stage. Of the
31 farms with weight gain records,
only four showed no improvement
in growth rate. Mortality was
recorded on all 34 farms, and only
two showed no improvement.
Other suggestions, with or with
out cleanup, that are important
when dealing with PRRS:
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* Move no pigs between farrow
ing or nursery rooms. Maintain all
in-all-out at all costs.
> During an outbreak, euthanize
all weak newborn pigs and any
poor-doing pigs that appear in the
farrowing house or nursery. After
the outbreak has passed, this prac
tice is questionable.
• Periodically evaluate antibio
tic therapy for secondary infec
tions. These treatments may be
ineffective.
Vaccine
• Overview RespPRRS
(Trademark) is currently the only
commercial vaccine marketed in
the U.S. It is produced by NOBL
Labs and protects pigs up to 18
weeks of age against the respirat
ory form of the disease. While the
vaccine is used extralabel on sows
in some farms, such use must be
under veterinary supervision.
Dr. Scott Dee also emphasizes
that because diseases such as
swine influenza mimic PRRS, a
positive diagnosis should be made
before vaccine is used. Also, it is
not known how well the vaccine
will protect pigs against various
strains of the virus.
• Safety Company Tests
The vaccine has been demon
strated safe at vaccine doses far
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exceeding those listed on the label
In tests conducted by NOBL, pre
viously unexposed pigs that are
vaccinated did not transmit the vir
us to n on-infected, non-vaccinated
pigs in the same pen. Also, the vac
cine virus did not revert to viru
lence in either colostrum-deprived
pigs, or pregnant sows in their
third trimester. However, the com
pany states that pregnant gilts and
sows should not be vaccinated.
• Effectiveness Company
Tests—ln preliminary tests of the
product, it was shown that vacci
nation reduces the level and dura
tion of viremia (virus in the blood)
following challenge with field vir
us. All test-pigs showed an
immune response against PRRS
within 21 days following vaccina
tion, with most pigs developing
antibodies between 8 and 14 days
post vaccination. The same tests
demonstrated that vaccinated pigs,
after challenged with the virus,
maintained normal weight gains,
body temperatures and white
blood counts. In contrast, non
vaccinated pigs had fevers exceed
ing 104 degrees F for several days,
experienced a decrease in white
blood count, and had weight gains
that were slower than either vacci-
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nates or non-challenged controls.
• Effectiveness Field Study
Results—Two hundred pigs from
a 500-sow farm were included in
the study. Half the pigs were vacci
nated (2 ml IM in die neck at 4
weeks of age, following weaning
at 3 weeks of age), while the other
half were injected with a sterile
diluent Average daily gain was
improved in vaccinated pigs (.73
vs .63 Ib/day) as was mortality (0
percent vs 5 percent).
Summary
1. PRRS is a viral disease that
causes reproductive problems in
sows and respiratory disease in
growing pigs.
2. The best strategy for reducing
losses associated with PRRS is to
stop the transmission from positive
to negative pigs.
3. The first step is to be sure that
replacement gilts are immunized
against the disease before entering
the herd so that the immune status
is stabilized in the breeding ani
mals. This will improve the likeli
hood of negative animals entering
the farrowing house and improve
the chances of producing negative
pigs. Once that is accomplished,
(Turn to Page D 4)