FALL WEBWORMS
HAVE RETURNED
Dr. Rdbert S. Hansen
Bradford County
Cooperative Extension
After all the other insect prob
lems our trees have had this year,
there is still one more to face, die
fall webworm. The fall webworm
is a widely distributed defoliating
pest of shade trees and shrubs and
appears from late summer through
early fall. The webworm con
structs its nest over the end of the
branch and r eeds only on leaves
within the web. The large conspi
cuous web is filled with caterpil
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lars, dead, partially-eaten leaves,
and fecal droppings. The remains
of these nests may persist through
winter.
The fall webworm overwinters
as a brown pupae in a cocoon that
is concealed in trash, ground litter,
cracks and crevices, or in the soil.
Adult moths first appear in early
June but may continue to appear in
small numbers during most of the
summer. Moths vary considerably
in color from pure white to white
with black spots; their wingspread
is about I'A inches. Females
deposit their light yellow eggs in
hair-covered masses of several
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hundred eggs, usually on the
undersurface of tho leaves. Young
larvae hatch in approximately
seven days. They immediately
begin tospinasilken web over the
foliage on which they feed. As
they grow, they enlarge the web to
enclose more and more foliage.
There webs sometimes encom
pass 2-3 feet of the infested
branch. The larvae are gregarious
and feed together until the last
molt, after which they feed inde
pendent of each other. Larvae
mature in about six weeks. Young
larvae are pale yellow with two
rows of black marks along their
bodies. When fully grown, they
are covered with whitish hairs
which spring from black and
orange warts. The larvae vary as
to the depth of coloring and mark
ings, but are usually greenish with
a broad, dusky stripe along tire
back and a yellow stripe along the
side. Full grown larvae leave die
web and pupate on or in the soil,
or in crevices around buildings or
fence posts. There are on* or two
generations per year, depending
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on the geographical location. -
Fall webworm larvae skeleton
ize and consume leaves under the
protection of a tent-like web
which they enlarge as .they grow
and requite additional food. Since
tree leaves are in the process of
“shutting down” their processes
this time of year, webworms may,
defoliate a tree occasionally, but
rarely kill it On shade trees, the
webs usually occur on an occa
sional branch. They may not
injure the tree appreciably but
they reduce its ornamental value.
Natural enemies of various
kinds help to control this insect.
Birds, insect predators and insect
parasites attack the fall webworm
larvae. Clusters of eggs may be
destroyed by predators and insect
parasites. It is also possible to
reduce their numbers by mechani-
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cal -contrdl. When the tented
branches are within reach, they
can be snipped off and destroyed.
This is practical if the tents have
not become too large and the
tree’s shape is not threatened by
this method.
Bt is effective if applied when
the webs are small. Remember
that Bt must be consumed by the
insect to be effective. Other chem
ical control meat ures can be used
throughout the webworm season,
but they are most effective when
the webs are small. The entire tree
need not be sprayed, but webs and
surrounding foliage should be
thoroughly covered. Remember
that care should be taken when
using any pesticide and directions
on die label must be followed
exactly for both safety and
effectiveness.
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