Common Plants Can
KENNETT SQUARE (Chester
Co.) The-leaves, flowers and
berries of some common plants
may be beautiful, but they can be
deadly if eaten by livestock and
pets, according to doctors at the
University of Pennsylvania
School of Veterinary Medicine.
Rhododendron, azalea, night
shade, acoms, mountain laurel
cherry trees, apple trees and yew
are all toxic.
“Even maple leaves, which are
not usually harmful, become
acutely toxic in the fall,” said Dr.
Robert Poppenga, director of the
toxicology laboratciy ai ihe New
Bolton ',’rr.ipr, Penn's iarge-ani
mal facil'ty in Kennett Square.
“Plant poisoning in pet animals
is less common than in livestock,”
said Dr. Michaela Kristula of New
Bolton Center’s Field Service.
“Small pets can be poisoned by
household plants such as dieffen
bachia, philodendron, and similar
common house plants.”
Leaves of the red maple, Acer
rubrum, which become increas
Field Day Set
For Tree Fruit Growers
BIGLERVILLE
(Adams Co.) —Tree
fruit growers in Pen
nsylvania and neighbor
ing states are invited to
a Held day July 26 from
8:30 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.
here at Penn State’s
Fruit Research and
Extension Center.
Visitors will tour
orchard research plots
and hear presentations
highlighting new
research and extension
programs.
The entomology
program will include
the latest information
on various integrated
pest management tac
tics, including degree
days and weather fore
casting, mating disrup
tion, new biological
control agents, ground
cover management, and
insect growth regula
tors. Participants will
also learn how to com
bat insecticide resis
tance and what is being
done to understand the
development of resis
tance in insects.
The horticulural
information that will be
highlighted will include
production data and
economic evaluation of
apple rootstocks, apple
root system dynamics,
performance of scab
resistant apple varieties,
peach and apple thin
ning programs, and
apple plant growth reg
ulators to manage
excessive tree vigor.
The postharvest por
tion of the program will
include the introduction
of the new postharvest
physiologist and
research program.
Work conducted over
the past three seasons
concerning controlled
atmosphere (CA) stor
age of apples from
reduced pesticide trials
will be briefly
discussed.
Presentations will
ingly toxic as they dry out, are
particularly dangerous in the fall.
If eaten by horses, the toxin con
tained in the leaves causes hemo
lytic anemia and secondary kidney
damage, usually resulting in death
or permanent kidney dysfunction.
Other maple species are not con
sidered toxic.
“There is no known antidote for
maple-leaf poisoning,” said Kris
tula. “Some horses die from the
poison only 12 hours after it is in
gested, so it is important to have
the horse examined by a veterinar
ian immediately if you suspect he
may have maple leaf poisoning.”
Clinical signs associated with he
molytic anemia resulting from
toxins include lethargy, increased
breathing rate, jaundice, and red
dish-brown colored urine in the
early stages.
To protect the animals, Kristula
suggests horse owners take the
following precautions:
• Do not plant red maple trees in
or near your horse’s pasture, as
horses may nibble the leaves over
include the control ot
major diseases of tree
fruit crops caused by
.fungi, bacteria, viruses,
and nematodes. Empha
sis will be placed on
methods helpful in
reducing pesticide
usage, including anta
gonistic bacteria and
cover crops useful in
controlling nematodes.
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Be Fatal Snack For Large Animals
the fence if they are hungry.
• Make sure that your horse has
plenty of hay and other feed to eat,
so there is no temptation to eat the
leaves if they blow into* the pas
ture. This is especially important
in the fall when pastures dry out
and grass is sparse.
Other plants to watch out for are
several species of nightshades and
horsenettle. The berries and vege
tation are poisonous. Toxicity is
not lost in drying, thus contamin
ated hay may be toxic. When in
gested, they cause neurologic and
digestive problems. These plants
are found in disturbed soil, woods,
meadows and pastures and culti
vated fields. Nightshade poison
ing affects all animals, but horses,
sheep and goats are the most likely
to nibble on it if feed is not avail
able.
In sheep, severe intestinal les
ions develop as a result of horse
nettle toxicosis. There may be in
flammation of the mouth and eso
phagus in calves. Nervous
symptoms may include apathy.
The 180-acre Fruit
Research and Extension
Center is located at 290
University Drive, just
off Route 234 west of
Biglerville in Adams
County. Parking and
admission are free.
For more informa
tion, call Peg Shaffer or
Karen Weaver, (717)
677-6116.
drowsiness, salivation, shortness
of breath, trembling, progressive
weakness or paralysis, prostration
and even unconsciousness. The
dried berries of horsenettle, which
cling to the plant over the winter,
are so potent they can kill cattle in
March.
Buttercups that proliferate in
fields in May and June can cause
critical gastrointestinal problems
in livestock. In severe cases but
tercups induce convulsions ending
in death. Dried material in hay re
portedly is not poisonous. Most
livestock will not eat the plant
when plenty of other forage is
available.
Acom poisoning can cause di
gestive problems, jaundice, per
manent kidney damage and even
tually, death. Calves, goats, and
sheep are particularly susceptible
to this poison; horses are rarely af
fected.
The leaves of rhododendron,
mountain laurel and azalea, ever
green shrubs with glossy leaves
and rose-colored or white flowers,
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can also be toxic to sheep and
goats. The toxin in the leaves
causes severe indigestion, bloat
and frothing at the mouth. The
leaves and buds of hydrangea con
tain poisonous constituents that
cause painful sickness in livestock
and humans. Iris, if eaten in large
quantities, causes gastroenteritis
and labored breathing in livestock.
The common morning glory’s
leaves and stems are toxic. Espe
cially predisposed to poisoning
from this creeping vine are hogs,
sheep, cattle and goats. Prolonged
consumption results in anorexia,
coma, and, in severe cases, death.
Yew leaves are extremely toxic
for all animals. Cattle seem parti
cularly sensitive to the toxin. As
little as one mouthful of the plant
can be fatal, so it is essential for
owners to dispose of clippings out
of the animals’ reach whenever
pruning yew trees and shrubs.
A particularly harmful plant for
horses is the black walnut Inges
tion is not necessary for poisoning
to occur. Black walnut trees in the
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