84-Hnc>st«f Firming, Saturday, July 15, 1995
COMMON SENSE
GARDENING
This is tne first in a series of
articles on diagnosing and reduc
ing pests in the garden. Serious
disease and insect pests problems
require quick identification and
treatments.
Do you have a dying dogwood?
Sick squash? 11l impatiens? Ter
minal turf? Don’t know what’s
causing your plant problems? A
pesticide may or may not be the
solution.
Prudent gardeners won’t wait
for signs of damage before check
ing for insect and disease pests.
For insects, look for eggs or egg
masses on the undersides of
leaves, and for the young insects
on the leaves, stems and fruit For
diseases, look for bull’s eye type
spots with fungal spots in the cen
ter or blackened stem.
Before applying any pesticides,
first identify the pest Not all pes
ticides are effective against all
garden pests and indiscriminate
use of pesticides can be worse
than using none at all.
But how do you spot the pesky
bugs. Consider the damage bugs
leave behind. Stunted vegetable
plants, or plants that wilt during
the day even with adequate water,
may be infested with insects, like
squash vine borers, root maggots,
squash bugs, or white grubs. Im
ported cabbage worm, tomato
horn worm and com earworm
leave gelatinous dark-green pel
lets of excrement on leaves, stems,
and fruit. The squash vine borer
entry hole exudes yellow sawdust
like frass as the pest tunnels within
vines and stems.
Small round holes in the leaves
may be the work of flea beetles,
while winding trails on dead leaf
tissue are an indication of leafinin
ers. Flea beetles, a tiny black in
sect, jump away when disturbed.
Piercing, sucking insects such
as thrips, aphids, leafhoppers, or
spider mites cause leaves to turn
yellow, brown, or look blotchy.
Early injury appears as small yel
low or white spots or stippling on
the leaves.
Aphids are actually easy to
spot. These soft-bodied, pear
shaped insects live on the under
sides of leaves and the succulent
parts of stems. They don’t move
when disturbed. Another indica
tion of aphids could be the pre
sence of ants on the plants: some
species feed on aphid honeydew.
Whenever ants are about, aphids
are probably close by.
For disease problems in the gar
den, a clinic at Penn State is
equipped to diagnose plant diseas
es caused by fungi, nematodes and
microorganisms such as bacteria.
Visible symptoms might give
you the first clue of a disease. But
to confirm a gardener’s diagnosis,
the disease clinic may culture the
material and look for microorgan
isms. For example for a tomato
plant with leaf spots, the disease
lab cultures a portion of the leaf in
agar to see if a pathogen appears.
After lab tests are completed, a
written diagnosis is returned.
Copies of test results also are sent
electronically to your county Ex
tension office if you reside in
Pennsylvania. This enables county
extension professionals to stay
abreast of disease problems and
trends affecting growers and gar
deners in their areas.
“We often see patterns
emerge.” sayd John Peplinski, the
disease clinic coordinator.
“For instance, during late sum
mer of 1994, we received a lot of
diseased tomato samples from
various areas of the state. As a re
sult, the lab diagnosed several cas-
NEXT LANE PLEASE
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MAMMA’S supermarket check-out sign Is certain to remind Mom or Dad of the con
sequences of returning home from food shopping without Ice cream.
Supermarket Check-Out Sign
To Enhance Ice Cream Sales
TOWSON, MD—As the
weather heats up so do ice cream
sales, and the Middle Atlantic
Milk Marketing Association
(MAMMA) has a new merchan
dising tool to remind shoppers to
purchase their favorite frozen
treat It's a sign featuring a young
girl sitting in front of an empty
bowl of ice cream. The grumpy
expression on her face, coupled
with the message printed on the
es of late blight, a serious disease
of tomatoes and potatoes.”
If you have a plant disease or
insect problem, contact your
county extension office. In York
County, our new phone number is
(717) 840-7408.
/ —'ll CLOSED SUNDAYS, NEW YEAR,
| EASTER MONDAY, ASCENSION DAY,
WHIT MONDAY, OCT. 11. THANKSGIVING,
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sign calls out to the shopper, “You
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The colorful H”x8” sign is pos
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The check-out placard is the
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This program includes milk price
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If your local aton
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By providing items that are use
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