WATER FOR FUN,
SURVIVAL AND HEALTH
Water is high on the list of
necessities we cannot live without
We need water for life. It is neces
sary for plants, animals, and
humans to live and grow. But we
use water for fun, for cleanliness,
and health.
Water for fun: Safety is the
most important consideration
when water is used for recreation
as well as daily use. When children
are around water, remember child
ren aren’t waterproof.
A few fundamentals of water
safety include: No going into the
water alone, especially young
children. No matter how shallow
the water even if it is in a bathtub, a
backyard pool, or open water,
adults need to supervise.
Adult supervision is important
for young children at the beach or
in the backyard. It is very easy to
roughhouse in water and this can
quickly turn into more than just
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play. You may have to create a
calming time out like a lemonade
break.
No matter how accustomed one
is to a backyard pool, or how cap
able your child is around the water,
don’t let your safety guard down.
Have rules and stick to them. You
may have to review these rules on a
regular basis.
Teach your child to swim. This
may be with a leam-to-swim
course at the YMC A or at your loc
al community pool Teach them to
always swim with a buddy and not
to dive into shallow water. Don’t
dive without adults to supervise.
Have children wear lifejackets.
All non-swimmers and children
under age five should wear a Coast
Guard-approved-type vest when
around any body of water.
Water for Life: No chart will
tell how much you need, but we do
know that one cannot survive with
out it Water is the calorieless com
pound of hydrogen and oxygen
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that every cell in our bodies needs
to survive. Over all, water makes
up about half to two-thirds of the
body composition. As adults, we
each have 40 to 50 quarts in our
bodies. Men’s bodies contain mote
water than women’s because they
have less fat than women and lean
tissue holds more water than fat
tissue.
Thirst is generally a good indi
cator of when you should take in
more water. This is regulated by
the sodium in your blood. The
average adult consumes and gets
rid of two and a half to three quarts
of water a day.
Often a person will drink
enough water to feel that his thirst
is satisfied but it may not be
enough to replace what is needed
by his body.
Did you know that water sup
presses the appetite naturally and
helps the body use body fat? Stu
dies have shown that a decrease in
water intake may cause the fat
deposits to increase. It was found
that an increase in water intake can
actually help reduce the fat
deposits.
The reason that is given is that
the kidneys can’t work properly
without enough water. When the
kidneys can’t do their work like
they should, some of this work is
given to the liver to do. One main
function of the liver is to break
down fat for energy use. But if it
has to do part of die kidney’s job,
the liver cannot use as much fat for
energy so it has to be stored in the
body as fat
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Water and weight loss: The
body will not work properly with
out enough water. It won’t be able
to use the fat like it should.
Retained water will show up as
excess weight To get rid of excess
water, you need to take in more
water to help flush out the waste
products. (Salt intake may need to
be checked as to the amount you
take in.) Drinking water is an
important tool to help with weight
loss.
Water helps make up the liquid
cushion that surrounds the body
tissues and intestines.
Remember the body uses water
for a variety of functions. It aids
digestion, absorption, and circula
tion, transports nutrients, builds
tissues, carries away waste and
helps maintain body temperature
at 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit Almost
all of the body’s living cells need
and depend on water to function.
Dehydration: Unfortunately,
thirst is not always the first sign of
dehydration. It is possible to lose
up to two quarts of water before we
become noticeably thirsty. Often
What We Eat In America
JUDY MCBRIDE
Everybody’s Science
Rockville, Md.—Some 6,000
Americans —from young children
to the elderly—are being inter
viewed at homes across the coun
try as part of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture’s continuing
survey, “What We Eat In
America.”
Throughout 1995, interviewers
are calling on 11,500 households
in 62 geographical areas to End
those 6,000 individuals who rep
resent the U.S. populations, said
nutritionist Alanna Moshfegh,
who heads the survey.
Moshfegh said USDA is
required by law to monitor the
dietary habits of Americans on a
continuing basis. This is the sec
ond year of the 1994-1996 survey.
By the end of 19%, information
will have been collected on the
eating habits of about 15,000
Americans, she said.
Among its many uses, the
survey will compile data to help
policy makers:
•predict the demand for agricul
tural products and help to ensure
the availability of foods Ameri
cans want to eat;
•monitor changes in food con
sumption and assess the adequacy
of American diets;
•and determine how well
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when we feel thirsty and drink
fluids, our body fluids are not fully
replaced. Most people stop feeling
thirsty when they have drunk only
about two-thirds of the liquid they
have lost This is of special impor
tance to the elderly whose thirst
mechanism may not be as acute as
it once was.
All liquids are not created equal
in their ability to satisfy our fluid
needs. Some beverages such as
coffee, tea and alcohol actually
increase water output because of
their diuretic effect
Food: All food contains some
water. Milk, for an example, is
about 87 percent water, vegetables
70 to 90 percent and meat between
40 to 70 percent.
Cleanliness: Cleaning hands
with soap and water helps control
germs. Use of soap and water helps
keep our living surfaces clean and
contributes to good health.
. The importance of water in our
daily lives cannot be stressed
enough. A good rule of thumb for
adults is to drink six to eight cups
of water daily.
Americans are using and under
standing nutrition labels.
Moshfegh said the interviews,
each taking about 30 minutes, will
ask people about the foods they
ate on two different days. A few
weeks later, a selected number of
these respondents over age 20 will
be called to ascertain their know
ledge of diet and health.
“We need everyone’s coopera
tion to ensure that we get an accu
rate picture of what foods Ameri
cans are eating and how much, as
well as what they know about the
relationship of diet to health,” she
said.
One finding of the last three
year survey, from 1989 through
1991, was that Americans were
consuming an average 34 percent
of their total calories as fat. That
was down from 36 percent in
1987-’BB and 40 percent in
1977-78—but still shy of the
recommended 30 percent fat.
A Rockville, Md., research firm
is conducting the survey for
USDA. All interviewers carry
photo ID badges. No government
agencies, including the USDA,
will have access to information
that identifies respondents. Infor
mation will be published only in
statistical summaries and tables
(Agricultural Research Service,
U.S. Department of Agriculture).