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RECENT ADVANCES
IN MILK REPLACERS
FOR DAIRY CALVES
Jud Heinrichs
Professor Of
Dairy And
Animal Science
Penn State
Milk replacers sold and fed to
dairy calves in the United States
generally are high quality products
that can be nutritious sources of
feed for calves and economically
used under many management
situations.
Milk replacers can be classified
by protein source and level, energy
content, and presence of medica
tion. Protein sources usually are
classified as derived from milk or
from alternative protein sources.
The following figure lists many of
the common protein sources used
in feeds.
ALL MILK PROTEIN
Dried Whey Protein Concentrate
Dried Whey
Dried Whey Product
Skim Milk
Casein
Sodium or Calcium Caseinate
YEARS OF TROUBLE FREE 81
IS Is
ged
ieed
Jorn,
: ' Silage, Bulk Feeds,
Small Grains, Manure or Bales.
Both protein and energy levels
are very important in choosing a
milk replacer. Protein levels cdh
range from 16 to 26 percent, with
22 percent recommended by the
National Research Council.
Several research studies have
shown that milk replacers with all
high-quality milk proteins are very
adequate with 20 percent protein.
However, when increasing
amounts of alternative protein
sources are used in the formula
tion, a higher level of protein is
needed to achieve the same growth
response in calves.
Even with increased levels of
total protein (up to 26 percent),
milk replacers with high amounts
of alternative plant proteins will
not result in the same growth in
young calves as will those with all
milk proteins. Some replacers con
tain added methionine and lysine
to improve the biological value of
ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN
Soy Protein Isolate
Protein Modified Soy Flour
Soy Protein Concentrate
Soy Flour
Plasma Protein
Modified Wheat Protein
Exhaust Fans
eluding Efficient
Belt Drive Units
With Housing
And Shutter
30”, 36” Ahd 48"
lute The Dairy Farmers For A Job Well Done!
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8” PORTABLE FANS
for cooling dairy barns,
*ck buildings, garages,
(houses, plants or for
lergency ventilation.
880 SERIES PORTABLE
W: ™
ZIMMERMAN HEAVY DUTY
HAT TEDDER - 790 SERIES
hay crop
T & 9’ Raking Width PTO D'lve
the product for young calves when
lesser quality plant proteins are
used in the formulation.
Fat levels in milk replacers typi
cally range from 10 to 22 percent
Although the National Research
Council lists a requirement for
only 10 percent fat in milk replac
ers, research has Repeatedly shown
that higher levels of fat help reduce
scours in young calves and can be
beneficial in providing more calo-
MEDICATION FEED USE LEVEL
Chlortetracycline Up to 100 g/ton
Oxytetracycline SO g/ton
Oxytetracycline/
Neomycin
Decoquinate
To Represent Lancaster
NEW HOLLAND (Lancaster
Co.) On May 17, five young
men frqm Garden Spot High
School teamed together and de
feated 30 other county teams to
win the Lancaster County Enviro
thon Contest
Their closest competition came
from Pequea Valley and Cones
toga Valley. In all, ISS students
comprised the 31 different teams.
The Garden Spot team was
ries to calves in cold environ
ments. This is because fat has 2.S
times more energy than do
carbohydrates.
Even with high levels of fat in
the milk replacer, calves need
grain to consume enough energy in
the winter months. In fact, grain
should account for nearly all of the
calories used for growth, while the
milk replacer maintains the calf.
There is a growing trend in some
areas of the country to use non-
IOOg/ton to 2SO g/ton
SI g/ton to 100 g/ton
100 gAon
Oxy 200 gAon Neo
200 gAon Oxy and
400 gAon Neo to
400 gAon Oxy and
800 gAon Neo
45.4 gAon (to
decoquinate per
100 lbs. body
weight)
coached by Bruce Stajnrajh and
included sophomore Dan Lauder
milch, Darrel Becker, and Brian
Martin and freshmen Andy Weav
er and Junior Zeiset. Garden Spot
scored 399 points out of a possible
500. Pequea Valley’s IFFA team
placed second with 387 points and
Conestoga Valley’s Flaming
Geckos were third with 373
points.
The Envirothon is an environ
mental contest that tests students
on their knowledge of the out
doors and the natural things you
would expect to encounter. Teams
of three to five students compete
against each other. The teams are
tested in the following topic areas:
wildlife, forestry, soils, aquatics,
ecology, and this year’s current
topic, “groundwater.” The tests
are in written form, however the
students are many times seeing,
feeling, smelling, and hearing the
actual questions. It might be a tree
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Unctstar Fanning, Saturday, Juna 17,1N5-CS
STATEMENT WITHDRAWAL
PERIOD
Growth promotion and None required
feed efficiency
Aid in prevention of bacterial
diarrhea
As an aid in the prevention
of bacterial diarrhea
As an aid in the treatment
of bacterial diarrhea
Aid in prevention of
bacterial diarrhea (scours)
Aid in treatment of
bacterial diarrhea (scours)
For prevention of coccidiosis None required
in ruminating and non
ruminating calves and
cattle caused by E. bovis
and E. Zumiii
medicated milk replacers, but
many research trials have shown
that medication in milk teplacera
can improve calf health and
increase performance. The use of
medicated replacers may require a
withdrawal period prior to slaugh
ter. Four medications have been
approved (see following figure)
for use in milk replacers: three are
antibacterial and a fourth aids in
the prevention of coccidiosis.
S days before
slaughter
30 days before
slaughter
In State
or mammal they are asked to iden
tify. It may be a bird call they are
asked to know. Understanding the
“water cycle" would definitely
come in handy, as well as recog
nizing different soil characteris
tics.
The contest is sponsored by the
Lancaster County Conservation
District and receives donated time
and funds from the Lancaster
County Parks and Recreation De
partment, the Pennsylvania Fish
and Boat Commission, the Penn
sylvania Game Commission, the
Natural Resources Conservation
Service and Pennsylvania Power
and Light (PP&L).
On Saturday, June 24, Garden
Spot will be challenged once more
as they will compete against other
county winners at the state level
contest If Garden Spot manages
to claim first place at Bald Eagle
State Park, they will continue as
Pennsylvania’s representative at
the national level contest