818-Lancagter Farming, Saturday, May 27, 1995
T-
W UNIVERSITY PARK, (Centre
Co.)* Lyme disease and the
Lyme-carrying deer tick have
received much publicity in recent
years. But another tick, and the
potentially deadly disease it can
harbor, is a growing concern in
Pennsylvania.
/The American dog tick has
expanded its range in Pennsylva
nia over the last few decades,” says
Dr. Robert Snetsinger, professor of
entomology in Penn State’s Col
lege of Agricultural Sciences.
“From 2 to 10 percent of these
ticks carry Rocky Mountain spot
ted fever,” he says. “Because
American dog ticks now exist in
areas where they weren’t found
before, health care professionals
should know the symptoms of the
disease and be alert for possible
cases.”
About IS cases of Rocky Moun
tain spotted fever are reported in
Pennsylvania in an average year.
The number of cases in any year
may range from fewer than 10 to
more than 30. But Snetsinger says
there likely are many more cases
that are .misdiagnosed or
unrepotted.
Snetsinger believes conditions
may be favorable for an upturn in
Rocky Mountain spotted fever in
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Dog Ticks Spread Thoughout State
1995. “Our research suggests that
more cases of die disease are in areas frequented by their prc- • the southeastern and southwestern
reported in years when a milder- ferred hosts medium-sized regions, of the state. Snetsinger
than-normal winter with below- mammals such as dogs, raccoons says counties where you are most
average precipitation is followed ®d opossums. 'likely to encounter a dog tick are
by a spring season with normal or Dogs are ideal collectors of Adams* Berks* Beaver* Bucks*
higher-than-average precipita- these ticks,” says Snetsinger. Chester, Cumberland, Dauphin,
(ion ” “When I want to collect dog ticks Franklin, Fulton, Greene, Lancas-
A tick must feed at least 24 for the lab, I’ve found that it’s te*i, Montgomery, Northampton,
hours before the disease is trans- much more effective to let a dog Pike. Schuylkill, Washington,
mitted to the host. Three to four nm up and down a hiking trail than Westmoreland and York,
days after being bitten by an 10 have my students try to find Snetsinger says the American
infected tick, a person may expert- them” dog tick cannot transmit Lyme dis
encc high fever up to 105
degrees—headache, sore muscles
and fatigue. The fever is common
ly followed by a severe rash with
reddish or purple spots.
The disease is easily treated
with antibiotics. Left untreated it
can be fatal, especially for young
children.
The American dog tick is deep
reddish brown, often with white
mottling or blotches on its back. It
typically reaches slightly more
than an eighth of an inch in length,
but can swell to more than a half
inch when engorged with the blood
of a host The adults can survive
the winter, and are most active in
April and May.
Dog ticks can be found in tall
grass and on small plants, often
along hiking trails or at the edge of
wooded areas. They are common
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i M
-V •
A research team led by Snetsin
ger has tracked the spread of the
American dog lick. He says it is
now established virtually every
where in Pennsylvania.
‘.‘Before 1950, dog ticks were
limited to the extreme southeast
and southwest comers of the
state,” he says. “By 1991, they had
been found in virtually every
county.
“The tick’s spread is not easily
explained because it’s rarely col
lected from migratory birds,” says
Snetsinger. “A likely scenario is
that people traveling with family
pets and hunting dogs have intro
duced ticks into areas where they
didn’t exist previously.”
Despite their spread, American
dog ticks are still most common in
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ease. And even though the'number
of cases of Rocky Mountain spot
ted fever in Pennsylvania is rela
tively small, it’s important to know
the risk. “The medical community
needs to be aware of the presence
of this tick and alert to the likeli
hood that the disease it can cany
may occur with increasing fre
quency, especially in western and
central Pennsylvania,” he says.
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717-766-7316