Livestock
Ledger
(Continued from Pago C 9)
•Keep the creep area well bed
ded.
•Place a light over the creep
area to help attract the lambs. Sun
light shining into a creep during
the day will also attract lambs.
•Provide water in the creep or
as close to it as possible. However,
the water should be covered so the
lambs cannot urinate or defecate
in it. The water must be kept clean
and fresh. The grain feeder should
also be covered for the same rea
son.
Make maximum use of home
grown grains and roughage when
formulating the creep ration. Com
and oats as well as leafy, high
quality legume hay make excel
lent feed for young lambs. Barley
can also be used but may be quite
as palatable as com and oats for
the first couple of weeks.
Until the lambs are six weeks
old, the grain used in the creep ra
tion should be cracked, crimped,
and tolled, unless fed as a pelleted
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Bochtelavllle
PASSMORE SERVICE
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11M Rout* 100
•10-307-MO4
Dallastown
TRI-BORO
CONCRETE, INC.
438 LoeuM St.
717-248-3096
1-800-832-9018
East Earl
GOODSLAWN &
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Rout* 23
717-354-402* Ext 34
Elizabethtown
MESSICKFARM
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Rhaame Exlt-Rt. 2*3
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717-367-1318,717-653-8867
WES STAUFFER
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23 Pltiunt VZllay Rd.
717-738-4215
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ration. After the lambs are six
weeks old, whole grain can be
used unless it is extremely hard, in
which case the grain should con
tinue to be cracked, crimped, or
rolled for several more weeks.
Many people are using complete
pelleted rations for creep feeding.
Water is an often overlooked,
but important part of beef cattle
nutrition. In fact, on a pound-for
pound basis, more water is con
sumed than any other feedstuff.
The daily water requirement for a
cow is influenced by several fac
tors including the rate and com
position of weight gain, pregnan
cy, lactation, activity, the forage/
grain ratio of the diet, outdoor
temperature, and salt intake.
The following table shows the
tremendous differences that can
occur in the requirement for water.
During mid-winter the need for
water is lower because of several
factors: the cows are not in lacta
tion, there may be mote total feed
consumption, and there is less loss
from evaporation and sweat. That
result is reversed in mid-summer,
particularly for cows in lactation
and for finishing steers.
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810-488-1025
Joneatown
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Rt 72 South
717-885-2994
Lltltz/Lebanon
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UUtz: 717-828-3301
Lobanon: 717-272-4155
GUTSHALL’S INC.
LoyavUlc, PA-Cerllele
717-788-4343 717-248-2313
EBUNG LAWN &
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(ta E. Lincoln Avc.
717-B*6-6720
Oxford
ENFIELD EQUIPMENT
MOO Umaetone Rd.
610-832-0858
HERR’S REPAIR
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RD2, Box 110 A
717-838-1548
Palmyra
WEAVER’S LAWN &
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740 W. Mein St
717-838-5888
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Reamstown
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Rt 272, RaamatownTMlle light
717-336-3945
Ranks
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370 Nawpart Road
2 Mllaa South of Rt 23
Along 772 Thru Monlaray
MARTIN HARDWARE
& EQUIPMENT CO.
Rt Ml 11/2 Mllao South of
Sehaaflaratown, RA
717-848-6817
Shlppenaburo
LEINBACH
FARM EQUIP.
1120 Rimer Hwy.
717-532-5511
CHARLES S.
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RD 3
717-386-5845
Hancock. MD
HANCOCK BLOCK
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220 Fulton St.
301-678-7242
Whlteford MD
ENFIELD
EQUIPMENT INC.
720 Wheeler School Rd.
301-878-5080
Estimated Daily Intake Of Water
(gallons per day)
January
February
May
Auguat
September
December
In addition to the obvious need
for more water with higher salt in
take. other feedstuffs can contri
bute to changes in the need for wa
ter. Some types of protein can act
as a diuretic (less water is reab
sorbed in the kidneys and more is
excreted in the urine). When diets
are high in protein and fed at high
levels of consumption, more water
may be required.
The quality of the water must
also be considered, according to
Dr. John Comerford, Penn State
extension beef specialist. In many
areas there may be a concern
about the salinity of the water. In
these cases cows could refuse to
drink to point of dehydration.
However, most cattle have a wide
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Growing
Steers
6.0
6.5
9.5
14.0
10.0
6.0
Lactating
Cows
11.0
11.5
17.0
16.5
17.5
11.0
adaptability to salinity in water, it
the change to salty water is not
abrupt, they can adapt to most
concentrations found in Pennsyl
vania. „
Are You A Hobby Farm?
Section 183 of the Internal Re
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cannot be deducted against in
come from other sources. On the
other hand, if an activity is engag
ed in for profit (a business rather
than a hobby), losses are fully de
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In determining whether an acti
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facts and circumstances with re
spect to the activity are taken into
account. Although a reasonable
expectation of profit is not requir
ed, the facts and circumstances
must indicate that the taxpayer en
tered into the activity or continued
the activity with the objective of
making a profit. If the taxpayer
has two profit years out of seven,
the taxpayer will be presumed to
have a profit motive.
Finishing
Steers
7.0
7.5
11.0
17.0
12.0
7.0
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