Tour Japan
some facilities of Mitsui and Co.,
Ltd. Recent earthquake damage
will curtail visits to some of the
agricultural businesses and his
torical landmarks in Kyoto and
Hiroshima. While in Tokyo, they
will visit the corporate headquar
ters of Toyota.
The officers will meet with
their Japanese counterparts
members of the Future Farmers of
Japan (FFJ) to further extend
contacts between the next genera
tion of agricultural leaders for
both countries. Despite the disas
ter in their country, FFJ has man
aged to reassign each officer with
a Japanese host family for one
weekend to learn more about the
culture and traditions of one of the
United States’ most important
trading partners.
The international program is
sponsored by Mitsui & Co.
(USA). Inc., as a special project of
the National FFA Foundation, Inc.
“This experience will provide
the national FFA officers know
ledge about the competitive global
economy,” said Corey D. Flour
noy, national FFA president. “Our
officer team is anxious to learn
about the agricultural marketplace
in order to explain it to other
members we will meet during the
LANDIS BROS. INC. LOST CREEK NORTHERN TIER O.C. RICE, INC. SMITH'S WALTEMYER'S
Laneaatar, PA IMPLEMENT IMPLEMENT CO. 104 North Main St. IMPLEMENTS, INC SALES & SERVICE
717-291-1046 Oakland Mila, PA RD #1 Sox 277 Blglarvilla, PA 17307 Marearsburg, PA Rad Uon, PA
717-403-2101 Manaflald, PA 10933 717-077-0135 717-320-2244 717-244-4160
717402-3200
LEHIGH AG SCHEFFEL
EQUIPMENT MILLER-LAKE INC. EQUIPMENT CO.
Allantowi, PA Ballavllla, PA EQUIPMENT INC. R#d fen, Rd>
610-390-2553 717435-2335 Olay, PA Somaraat, PA
0104074277 014-4454500
POLE TAVERN
LONE MAPLE MILLER'S EQ. SALES CORP. GEORGE V. SEIPLE
SALES A SERVICE EQUIPMENT 670 Rt*. 40 & SON
Ntw Akumdrli, PA RO #1 Rt 64 Elmir, NJ Enton, PA
412488-7172 Filrmount City, PA 80*466-2810 610-2SB-714*
All-new 160- to 225-hp 8000 Series Tractors deliver
year. We appreciate their extra ef
forts to host us during these diffi
cult times.”
The national officers traveling
to the Far East are Flournoy, na
tional president from Chicago, 111.;
Travis Hagen, national secretary
from Chico, Calif.; Trisha Bailey,
southern region vice president
from Dover, Fla.; Jennafer Neu
feld, central region vice president
from Inman, Kan.; Greg Vetter,
western region vice president
from Carpenter, Wyo.; and Lee
all-new power train efficiency
• All-new 8.1 L and 7.6 L engines
with exclusive electronic
engine control: Generate torque
quickly and maintain high
response to as low as 1,000 rpra.
Set your engine speed and keep
it there with exclusive Field
• Cruise™ control. Get up to a 10
percent power bulge to handle
extra-tough conditions easily.
Many different variations of vaccination progrtfhs are in
use. Proper scheduling of vaccination requires knowledge of
the specific type of disease to be protected against, age of the
birds, concurrent management procedures, disease status of
the flock, and the duration of immunity that can be expected
from the vaccine. Poultry veterinarians and other poultry
health specialists can recommend sound vaccination prog
rams tailored to specific situations.
Most commercial vaccines have been stringently tested
and quality controlled for purity and efficacy. Vaccine com
panies make very specific recommendations on how their
products should be handled and applied. These instructions
should be followed closely in order to ensure that the flock
will be properly protected.
Improvements and innovations in poultry vaccines are
occurring constantly in response to industry need.
Responsible use of quality vaccines is an extremely valu
able tool in controlling disease. However, it will not make up
for the gross deficiencies in management of some of the other
control methods. Sound biosecurity and stress reduction
measures are important adjuncts in making vaccination work
for your flock.
111
• All-new 16-speed Power Shift,
transmission: Minimal gear
meshes ensure maximum power
flow. Wide range of speeds from
1.4 to almost 24 mph. Eight
working speeds with only '/2-mph
speed increments.
• Four all-new models: 160-hp 8100,
180-hp 8200,200-hp 8300, and
225-hp 8400 Tractors.
Schroeder, eastern region vice
president from Leipsic, Ohio.
The national FFA officers rep
resent FFA members to officials
in government, education, busi
ness and agriculture. As they tra
vel during the year, they meet with
members on the chapter, state and
national levels and will be able to
share with their fellow students
the importance of developing a
global perspective and an under
standing of international trade is
sues.
(Continued from Pago E2O)
B.P.E, INC. WINELAND
Rd. 1. Box 157 EQUIPMENT, INC.
Towanda, PA Mortlnoburj, PA
717-2654440 114.7034106
TOBIAS
EQUIPMENT CO., INC.
Hilßax, PA
717-3624132
MS. YEARSLEY
A SONS
Wait Chiitar, PA
«IQ4M4HO
A
Lancaster Farming, Saturday, February 11, 1995-E2l
4. MEDICATE. Although medication is the strategy most
often thought of as traditional disease control, it is arguably
the least important to total flock health. Medication, when
instituted in response to a disease problem is considered
“damage control” rather than disease control. The disease is
often out of control by that point. Medication certainly can
help reduce sickness and mortality significandy, especially if
instituted early in the disease course.
It can, however, be a waste of time, effort and money if not
done properly. Antibacterial and anticoccidial drugs can be
used at both treatment and preventive levels. Anticoccidials
are invaluable in preventing losses due to coccidiosis. Their
use is considered a necessity of modem poultry production.
Antibacterial drugs (antibiotics) are not effective against
viral diseases. However, they are used in some situations in
which a viral problem has been implicated in order to prevent
or reduce secondary bacterial infections that inevitably
follow.
Proper use of chemotherapeutic agents should be based on
a correct diagnosis of the disease at hand, and specific target
ing of a drug to the disease agent. If a bacterial disease has
been diagnosed by culture, a laboratory test to determine the
best drug to use against the bacteria found in the birds is in
order. In the meantime, a “best guess” may be employed to
start the birds on a treatment that is likely to help. For exam
ple, Staphylococcal infections are likely to be helped by peni
cillin, especially if the drug had not been extensively used on
that farm previously.
Poultry drug lists and guides are available from many sour
ces. Advice from poultry health specialists can be useful in
guiding drug use in specific situations.
Poultry drags are usually mass applied by inclusion in feed
or drinking water. Mixing and dilution must be done careful
ly in order to avoid dosing mistakes. Both overdosing and
underdosing can have adverse effects. Overdosing can cause
drag toxicides and disruption of normal gastrointestinal flo
ra. Underdosing leads to ineffective treatment (and therefore
wasted dollars), and may promote the development of anti
biotic resistance in bacterial populations.
Drag residues in animal and poultry meat and products is
an important public health issue. Drug withdrawal times
before slaughter or marketing of eggs must be strictly fol
lowed. Most poultry companies have stringent in-house
programs to prevent any violations of drag use, and often
check bird tissues for residues before slaughter to ensure that
no traces of drags are present A recent issue of theFDA Vet
erinarian, Nov/Dec 1994, Vol. IX, No. VI, contains a sum
mary of illegal drag residues in meat for the 1993 fiscal year.
The incidence of detected violative tissue drug residues listed
by class of food animal shows that turkeys and chickens made
up the lowest number of cases. Poultry species (7 total cases)
were significantly lower than any other major food animal
category including cattle (3,373), swine (345), and sheep
(17). Continued responsible use by poultry producers of
drags for treating poultry will help continue this enviable
record.
Responsible chemotherapy can be summed up this way:
Use the correct drug at the correct time for the correct dura
tion. Above all, don’t use a drug if you don’t need it.
5. ERADICATE. The most drastic control measure is
eradication. This is a strategy to eliminate the disease from
the host population. Complete eradication schemes are
reserved for highly contagious and virulent diseases such as
highly pathogenic avian influenza and velogenic Newcastle
Disease. The highly pathogenic avian influenza (AI) virus
responsible for the 1983-1984 outbreak in Pennsylvania and
surrounding states was eradicated from the area by an intense
and costly effort Monitoring programs involving testing of
birds, environments, blood and eggs are still in place. These
are considered necessary to prevent reintroduction or spread
of similar Al viruses, which still persist in migrating water
fowl and live bird markets, into our commercial poultry
populations.
Partial eradication programs, such as those included in the
National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPEP), involve elimi
nating certain vertically transmitted diseases from the breed
er bird populations. Pullorum disease and MYCOPLASMA
GALLISEPTICUM (MG) infections have been drastically
reduced in our country due to the collective efforts of the
poultry industry. Other nations look to these programs as
models of poultry health improvement. Partial eradication
requires constant disease monitoring (usually by serologic
tests) and follow-up on any suspected positive birds. Depo
pulation (or at least quarantine and discontinued use of hatch
ing eggs) is necessary when disease breaks occur. Commer
cial level birds may have sporadic problems with these con
trolled diseases. Pullorum is extremely rare in most U.S.
poultry, but MG is fairly common in multi-age layer flocks.
Backyard flocks serve as reservoirs for most diseases. For
this reason, strict biosecurity around known positive com
mercial flocks and backyard flocks is necessary in order to
prevent spread of the agents back to breeders.
As you can see, all five control strategies Pathogen
Reduction, Stress Reduction. Medication, Vaccination and
Eradication are very different from each other in details
and scope, but the goal remains the same. It is necessary to
combine various elements of the five methods to build a
sound, total health program tha) works on your poultry farm.
Everyone benefits from disease control efforts including
your birds, you, and the industry.