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Pennsylvania
Commercial Hybrid
Corn Tests Report
Tests of commercially available corn hybrids are conducted
annually at several locations in each of the four maturity zones in
Pennsylvania to provide farmers, seed producers, county exten
sion agents, and other interested persons with information about
hybrid performance. This report includes both the grain and
silage results from the 1993 season.
Tables 1 and 2 contain the combined results for all locations
in this zone, except as noted. Those in Table 1 are for the
advanced hybrids tested previously for at least one year, and
those in Table 2 are for new hybrid entries. New entries are tested
for at least one year before being included in the advanced tests.
A two-year summary of results for hybrids tested in both 1992
and 1993 growing seasons is given in Table 3. The results for
hybrids entered in the silage performance test are given in Tabic 4.
Procedures
This testing program was available to any producer of hybrid
seed com. For the grain tests, hybrids were planted in paired-row
plots of 1/500 of an acre. Each row was overplanted—34 kernels
per row, and thinned to a standard count of 48 plants per plot
when the com was 12-18 inches tall. The final population was
24.000 plants per acre. Silage plots were 1/1,000 acre in size,
consisting of one row overplanted to 38 kernels and thinned to a
final population of 28,000 plants per acre. All entries were
replicated three times in each test.
Test plots were planted with modified mechanical planters.
Grain-test plots were harvested with a self-propelled combine
equipped with electronic instrumentation for determining weight
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Late-season hybrids
(Maturity Zone 4) 1993 results
and moisture. Silage plots were harvested with a forage harvester.
Grain yields are reported as bushels per acre while grain moisture
and erect plants are reported as percentages. Shelled grain yields
were standardized at 15.5 percent grain moisture. Percentage of
checks for each hybrid was based on thewnean of five check
hybrids and calculated for moisture, yield, and erect plants. Data
such as plant height, ear height, and leaf disease ratings were
taken in the field. Disease ratings were based on a scale of 0.5 to
5.0, progressing from little or no disease to premature death.
Silage results are given as actual field yield in tons per acre,
calculated on the basis of 65 percent moisture, tons of dry matter
per acre, and percentage of water in the plant.
Growing conditions
Weather and soil conditions for planting were unsatisfactory the
latter part of April so initial planting in this zone was not initiated
until May 3 and was completed May 11. The seed germinated
and emerged well at these locations. Temperatures were near
normal for the summer, but moisture levels were generally below
normal. The Lancaster County locations suffered severe drought
stress throughout the summer resulting in very poor plant, ear,
and grain development and were abandoned. The yields were fair
to good at the other locations, where they received needed
moisture at crucial times during growth. Although September and
October were cooler and wetter than normal, the corn matured
fairly well so that harvesting was begun October 10 and com
pleted by November 3.
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