Poultry Feed Can Be Modified To Reduce Manure Nitrogen, Phosphorous
(Continued from Page A 1)
feed additives to help poultry
improve the digestibility and utili
zation of food. He spoke on Mon
day afternoon at the Poultry Man
agement and Health Seminar at
Kreider Farms Restaurant.
The enzymes, often atomized
(sprayed) onto pellets, include
amylase-containing enzymes, and
the enzymes called beta-galactosi
dase and hemicellulases.
“All of these products free up
nutrients in these feeds that are
bound in the seed coats, nitrogen
and carbohydrates, and make them
more available’’ to the birds, he
said. The more of these nutrients
birds can utilize, the less end up in
the manure.
The hemicellulases are enzymes
that break up the cell walls of the
plant to help in starch digestion
and energy utilization. But they
also release some nitrogen and
make them more absorbable and
more readily digested by birds,
according to Patterson.
Enzymes arc often used in com
bination, depending on the nutrient
goals established by the nutrition
ist and producer.
Enzymes for nitrogen and pho
sphorous use provide one method
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Dr. Paul H. Patterson, of the department of poultry sci
ence at Penn State, noted that commercially available
enzymes are useful as additives to help poultry Improve the
utilization of nitrogen and phosphorous In feed. He spoke
on Monday afternoon at the Poultry Management and
Health Seminar at Kreider Farms Restaurant.
to ensure that fewer of these com
ponents end up as animal waste.
Other factors include overall feed
and bird health management.
Patterson told the 40 producers
and industry representatives at the
meeting that one of the things pro
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ducers can do is “maybe do a bet
ter job of formulating, with the
goals in mind to reduce nitrogen
and phosphorous in the manure.
“We can get by with lower pro
tein diets, perhaps, using some
new ingredients and some synthe-
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tic amino acids,” he said.
Using amino acids in place of
extra protein additives may help
the birds utilize the nutrients avail
able. The most readily available
amino acids are cystine and lysine,
but methionine, tryptophan, threo
nine, and arginine are also
available.
Also, proteins in different feeds
are utilized differently by birds.
The proteins are utilized more
readily in an alfalfa feed a lot better
than in com. So the type of addi
tive will vary with the type of diet
the bird is on.
Producers can adjust the formu
lation accordingly, depending on
nutrient requirements of the bird.
“Another thing you can do is
lower the protein level in the diet, ’ ’
said Patterson. He told producers
that addressing the amino acid
needs of birds rather than worrying
about the protein requirements
may aid in nutrient utilization.
The bottom line, according to
the poultry specialist, is to obtain
equal production with lower pro
tein diets using the amino acid
additives.
“There is an economic incen
tive in some instances to formulate
with lower protein and add some
i*
Lancaster Farming, Saturday. June 19, 1993-A29
amino acids,” he said.
The type of diet can also deter
mine how much phosphorous is
excreted in the manure. A type of
phosphorous called phytate is
“very unavailable” to birds
and there is quite a bit of it in com.
“We were seeing very high
levels (of phosphorous) in broiler
and turkey litter,” said Patterson.
“Some of these meals and
•hings we don’t commonly use,
like rice bran, wheat bran, and
sesame meal, have a terrific
amount of this phytate phosphor
ous,” he said. The phosphorous is
not absorbed by the birds it pas
ses right through the bird and is
accumulated in the manure,
according to Patterson.
Modifying phosphorous excre
tions in the litter is possible by
modifying the level of calcium that
producers include in layer diets
using more Vitamin D can help
modify phosphorous excretions.
Producers can also use an enzyme
to reduce phosphorous output in
the manure, such as phytase, which
helps make the phosphorous more
available to the birds.
Recycling of phosphorous from ihc manure is
on (he future hori/on, according to the poultry
specialist. Patterson spoke about work out of
Auburn, Ala. on re-using phosphorous from a
lagoon-type system,,
Patterson also spoke about experiments with
special housing, particularly from a Dutch sys
tem, which reduces ammonia by circulating dry
air under a Irampolmc-lypc floor. By drying the
manure, ammonia levels arc reduced.
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