C4-Lancastar Farming, Saturday, Juna 12, 1993
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Penn State
} Poultry T\ |
“ Pointers
Agricultural & Bioloeical Entrineerine Agricultural Economics
POULTRY’S EPA
(ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY)
IS YOU!
Dr. Michael Hulet
Associate Professor
Poultry Science
With the onset of summer, poul
try producers should be keenly
aware of the environment in which
they grow poultry.
Poultry can tolerate a wide
range of environmental condi
tions, but most of these conditions
are not conducive to optimum
growth or efficiency.
Poultry perform best when the
environment around them minim
izes stress and allows all nutrients
to be used for growth and repro
duction. If we evaluate summer
time production and the natural
stressors that inhibit optimum
growth, we must be aware of cer
tain management factors that will
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ENNSYLVANIA FRANKUN CO. DELAWARE
Brand's Engine Servlet
1751 Lincoln Way East
Chambersburg, PA 17201
717-2644965
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Rte 501, PO Box 234
Bethel, PA 19507
717-933-4716
CHESTER CO.
O'Keeft’t Small Engine
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Elverson, PA 19520
215-286-0781
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717-691-7114
minimize environmental stress on
our birds. Among these factors are
temperature (ventilation) and
water quality.
Ventilation
Young poultry will seek an
environment where they feel com
fortable. Early in their life, chicks
and poults are susceptible to drafts
and changes in temperature of one
or two degrees Fahrenheit There
fore, in the brooding stage, grow
ers must be careful to observe the
birds’ behavior and keep the temp
erature constant
If the chicks are huddled
together, determine whether the
behavior is caused by a low
ambient temperature or if a drafty
condition exists. Air direction is
important for young birds the
inlet air should be directed toward
the ceiling to temper and mix the
air coming into die house. Con
versely, air for older birds (greater
than 4 weeks) is a means of cooling
the birds during the summer.
LANCASTER CO.
Lawn Care of PA
PO Box 25
Martmdale, PA 17549
215-445-4541
Wes Stauffer Engines
& Equipment
23 Pleasant Valley Rd.
Ephrata, PA 17522
717-238-4215
JM2ILCQ.
J.L. Peachy And Sons
Rt 1 Box 172 Route 304
Winfield, PA 17889
717-968-0465
Air rushing over the heads of the
birds by directed vents or circulat
ing fans within the house helps to
moderate the environment at the
level of the bird. Turkeys which
have more featherless area on the
head and neck and naked neck
chickens are better able to utilize
this method of heat dissipation in
hot weather than are commercial
broilers.
At very high temperatures, or if
a hot spell starts quickly and
doesn’t allow a time for acclima
tion, mortality as well as tremend
ous decreases in growth can occur
in poultry flocks. Under such situ
ations, circulation of air within the
house as well as the addition of
moisture by fogging can help
“cool” the birds and prevent losses
and poor performance.
Ventilation equipment should
also be checked and cleaned to
allow for maximum air flow. Dur
ing the winter, the combination of
condensation and poultry dust
coats belts, motors, wire mesh
around fans and air vents, fan
blades, fan levers, etc. and restricts
air flow to the birds. “Spring clean
ing” or “preventive maintenance”
is, therefore, needed and shouldn’t
be delayed until the hot weather
occurs.
Alarm systems should also be
routinely checked to prevent a dis
aster that can occur when power
outages eliminate mechanical ven
tilation, which can suffocate a
flock. Other ventilation systems
(automatic vents, thermostats,
etc.) should also be maintained.
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552 South DuPont Hwy
Smyrna, DE 19977
302-653-7031
NEW JERSEY
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RD #4 Box 12, Rt 9
Freehold, NJ 07728
908-462-0743
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Aaron B. Zimmerman
3680 Watts Road
Waterloo, NY 13165
315-565-6382
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Water Quality
Fresh, clean, and cool water is
the desire of most poultry produc
ers. Between flocks of birds, water
systems should be cleaned with a
line cleaner and drained. Prior to
placement of birds, the line should
be flushed so that fresh, cool water
is available for young chicks or
poults.
Frequently, chlorine treatments
are used to help decrease contami
nation of waterers. Routine clean
ing and disinfection is also very
important
The waterers arc ideal places for
the replication of bacteria. Dr. Eric
Gonder, a poultry veterinarian
from Goldsboro Milling, Inc., has
reported that water in a trough with
nutrients from feed residue held at
68-70 degrees Fahrenheit is an ide
al incubator for bacteria. He prop-
osed that if two bacteria were
added to a feed-contaminated
watej trough environment, after 10
hours you would have the bacterial
equivalent of raw sewage. There
fore, consistent cleaning of water
troughs followed by the use of an
effective disinfectant can help
decrease the amount of coliform
bacteria consumed by the flock.
This fact also helps explain the
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decrease in condemnations and the
improvements in livability
enjoyed by broiler growers that
have switched to nipple waterer
systems. Nipple waterers have no
common water bath for growth and
accumulation of bacteria, not to
mention the decrease in water spil
lage and drier litter that occurs as a
result of using these drinkers.
Unfortunately, no nipple watereis
have yet been developed to adequ
ately supply the water demands of
finishing turkeys.
Water level (trough, bell) or
water pressure (nipple) need to be
adjusted during high ambient
temperatures to allow for.
increased water consumption by
the flock. When adequate water
volume is not supplied, feed con
sumption is decreased and growth
is lowered.
Your management is the envir
onmental protection agency (EPA)
for your flocks. By protecting
against unhealthy environments,
you will produce healthier and
more productive birds.
Fresh air and water are basic to
good production practices. Adopt
good management skills to reduce
environmental stressors for your
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