DENVER. Colo.—With the
end of the year quickly approach
ing, now is the time for sheep pro
ducers to begin thinking about
applying for the 1992 wool incen
tive payment.
The Agricultural Stabilization
and Conservation Service will
announce an average 1992 wool
price at the end of March 1993, at
which time a wool incentive rate
will be calculated. The support
level for the 1992 marketing year
UNIVERSITY PARK (Centre Co.) Livestock and
poultry managers should calculate nutrient management
requirements before building a new facility for expansion,
say two Penn State agronomists.
“Before proposing a new facility as part of a business
plan, it’s prudent to evaluate the costs and returns of the fa
cility under different sets of nutrient management condi
tions,” said Dr. Les Lanyon, associate professor of agron
omy. “Different conditions require different manure ap
plication practices and perhaps alternative methods of
dealing with manure.”
For livestock and poultry managers who wish to make
their own calculations, the local Penn Stale Cooperative
Extension office or conservation district office can assist.
Private consultants and companies also can handle these
calculations.
Livestock and poultry managers should first estimate
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Sheep Producers Urged To File Early
Evaluate Nutrient Needs Before Building Facility
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To ensure that all wool sold
during the 1992 marketing year is
included in determining the aver
age price, ASCS requests that all
producers file for payment by Jan.
31. Filing by this date ensures a
timely issuance of incentive
checks, which will be processed
around April IS. The absolute
deadline for filing is March 1.
To be eligible to receive an
incentive payment, producers
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must own the sheep, which were
shorn, for a minimum of 30 days
and may only recieve an incentive
payment on the net proceeds
received for shorn wool. The net
proceeds equal gross sales less all
marketing charges. Producers also
are eligible to receive a payment
on all unshorn lambs sold that
were owned a minimum of 30
days.
Previously, ASCS allowed pro
ducers to file sales receipts that
the available nutrients in the manure and compare mat to
the requirements of their crops. Since the availability of
nitrogen in manure varies with how it is handled and ap
plied, calculations for different periods before incorpora
tion will result in different acreages required to balance
the supply with the crop needs.
“For example, there is less than half as much available
N in unincorporated manure than in manure that is incor
porated immediately,” said Lanyon.
A nutrient management plan based on nitrogen will re
quire more than twice as many acres when manure is in
corporated immediately than when manure is unincorpor
ated.
“Even though a nutrient management plan may call for
applying manure but not plowing it under, nutrients might
still be incorporated into the soil by rainfall,” said Dr.
Douglas Becgle, associate professor of agronomy.
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Lancaster Farming, Saturday, February 6, 1993-815
were two to three years old. New
rules implemented last year now
stale that receipts for any wool or
unshorn lambs sold must be sub
mitted for payment during the
same year as the sale. Producers
currently holding older receipts
may petition their local ASCS
office.
Additionally, the maximum
incentive payment any one pro
ducer can receive for the 1992
Incorporation of manure and increased availability of
the nitrogen will occur with one-half inch of rain within 3
to 4 days of manure application. This amount of rain is
very likely in the early spring when manure is being
spread.
Calculating the available nitrogen with no incorpora
tion followed by another estimate of the nitrogen with in
corporation after three days can illustrate the range in ni
trogen that likely will be available to crops under different
conditions. This figure can help in deciding how many
acres will be routinely required to manage nutrients for
crop production and environmental protection.
Another preliminary calculation would be to estimate
' the balance between the phosphorus in the manure and the
phosphorus requirements of the crops to be grown. “Loss
es of phosphorus during manure handling and spreading
are generally much less than for nitrogen,” said Lanyon.
“The area required for phosphorus application can be se
veral limes greater than the area required to supply the ni
trogen needed by crops.”
there’s also a possibility of unexpected costs. The re
quirements lor nitrogen and phosphorus management irvay
change during the life of the mortgage or loan on a new fa
cility. Additional acres may be required for manure appli
cation at additional costs, or alternatives to land applica
tion at the site of the new facility may need to be develop
ed.
It’s also important to get an accurate estimate of nutri
ents in a planned manure storage. Estimating the actual
nutrients to be excreted by the animals is a good starling
point to evaluate a proposal for a new livestock or poultry
facility. This calculation will indicate the maximum
amount of nutrients that will have to be managed.
Manure samples from comparable manure storages can
be used to estimate,lhc nutrients that will be available to be
applied to crops. But if the samples are unrepresentative of
tire manure actually in the storage, then estimates of the
area required lor manure application may be misleading.
“Truly representative samples arc difficult to collect from
some types of manure storage structures,” said Lanyon.
If there is a large difference between the estimate of nu
trients produced and the estimate of nutrients coming out
of a proposed storage, the proposed storage and handling
system should be evaluated in more detail. The source of
the difference between the nutrients produced and the esti
mated removal from a storage may be in the estimates of
manure production, losses unaccounted during handling,
or in the difficulty in sampling comparable storages.
If the problem is in sampling, that may signal potential
management piublcms. There may actually be more man
ure nutrients to manage than arc estimated by the samples.
Manure solids that arc dillicult to agitate can accumulate
in some storages. The nutrients in these solids will need to
be handled in a safe way, as will the rest of the nutrients
Problems in sampling also can mean that the nutrient con
tent of the manure removed from the storage vanes wide
ly.
Delivering a dependable amount of nutrients to the crop
fields, even when the necessary number of acres is avail
able, will be dillicull when this happens. In either ease,
more clloit will be required to manage nutrients for crop
production and environmental protection. These manage
ment demands should be considered before the project is
begun.
Finally, clillcrcnl projected crop yields can be used in
Ihecalculations. “Projected yields should rarely exceed by
more than 20 to 25 percent the average yields for the lasi
five years,” said Bccglc. It’s also important to do addition
al calculations to estimate the different acreages required
at average and below average crop yields.
The final projected crop area for manure application
probably will be a compromise between all the dilfcrcnt
calculations, Lanyon and Bccglc agree. “After making
these calculations, it may be necessary to modify the busi
ness plan for the proposed livestock or poultry facility to
cover costs of manure application on a larger number of
acres, to develop a management strategy to enhance po
tential crop yields, or to find an alternative way to deal
with the manure produced.”
If these calculations arc done before building the facili
ty, the livestock or poultry manager will know the most
demanding case from the outset. A contingency plan then
can be made in ease of changing on-farm decisions or new
marketing year now is $175,000.
Producers who meet certain eligi
bility requirements, however, may
qualify to increase this amount by
applying for payments under three
different entities.
For additional information
about the wool incentive payment
program, please contact your local
ASCS office or the American
Sheep Industry Association, 6911
S. Yosemite St., Englewood, CO
80112, (303)771-3500.
i'