MUNDELEIN, 111.
Fertilization tops the
list of critical inputs for
alfalfa yields in relation
to desirable percentages
of crude protein, diges
tible protein, and TDN
(total digestible nutri
ents) in dairy herd
rations.
Therefore, pounds
per acre, nutrient con
tent and longevity of
stand, which add into
the profit equation for
dairy producers, are
directly related to the
amount of soil nutrients
available on alfalfa
acres.
Sam Kincheloe,
Ph.D., director of agro
nomic services with
IMC Fertilizer, Inc.,
said the need to main
tain a quality stand
demands nothing short
of fertilization.
“Reducing fertilizer
inputs places alfalfa
yields in a vulnerable
position, impacting pro
tein content and elimi
nating the objective to
meet nutrient require
ments in dairy rations,”
he said. “This lowers
quality to where costly
protein supplements
must be added into the
feeding program,
increasing costs and
reducing production
efficiency.”
He said that once crop
stress from nutrient
deficiencies affects the
crop at an early growth
stage, little can be done
to reverse the potential
damage.
“Nutrient stress slows
early growth, reduces
the number of tillers per
crown, and limits root
development, which
becomes a compound
ing problem during the
entire season,” said
Kincheloe.
“On the other hand, a
well-executed program
promotes vigorous
growth to shorten the
time to first cutting. It
hastens regrowth and
possibly allows for one
additional cutting.”
Where periods of
water shortages occur,
Kincheloe said healthier
root systems will also
reduce the stress effects
on growth and quality of
the forage.
Potassium is the most
vital nutrient for top
alfalfa production m
terms of pounds of
nutrient needed for each
ton of yield. Each ton of
harvested alfalfa
removes more than 60
pounds of potash.
Where yield goals
exceed four tons of
alfalfa per acre, 250 to
300 pounds of potash
per acre are necessary to
replace the nutrients
utilized or removed by
the crop.
Where potassium soil
tests show medium to
low levels, Kinchcloe
recommends applying
at least 400 pounds of
potash to produce six to
eight tons of forage per
Stands that are
potassium-deficient are
more likely to face
severe competition from
grasses, and stand fai
lure is common, said
Kincheloe. Therefore,
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fertility level on alfalfa deficiencies can be par
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utilization per ton pro
duced, but are just as
critical for healthy
stands. “This is espe
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small. High levels oi drought when part ol the
phosphorus should be rooting zone may be
built up before stands inactive and during cool
are established,” said periods when uptake of
the agronomist. the nutrient slows down.
Deficiencies can
occur during periods of
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