D4-Lancaster Farming, Saturday, August 29,1992
mold or spoilage. Always remove
spoiled feed, since the concentra
m t j on 0 f b o[ h the fungus and myco
■ Q\AfinO Mananompnt B toxins may be far greater inspoil-
S OWN 1C IVIdl ICtyCINCI II 3ed areas then otlicrs when compar-
B m a i. ,jat 3ed to the rest of the feed.
B NGWS iIjSP, B Unfortunately, removal of
B B s P°^ f ee d may not protect ani
-8 _ , , _ . . [ ■ mals from the mycotoxins these
3 Dr. Richard Barczewskl v&sSBB/l 8 compounds are not readily visible.
8 Extension Agent B Thc onl y wa y lo sure is t 0 test
I U. Of Delaware | th pStabS f ui e single most im
portant thing you can do as a hog
producer is to watch your live
stock carefully and monitor their
FEED GRAIN CONCERNS
Every so often unusual environ
mental conditions occur that have
an effect on our crops. Occasion
ally, these conditions are detri
mental to plants or the grain they
produce.
This year conditions have fa
vored the growth on wheat of a
fungus called Fusarium, which
causes the disease known as scab.
Scab in wheat is usually observ
able as a bleaching of die wheat
heads either the entire head or just
part of it.
What does this have to do with
swine? The problem is when the
grain is used for hog feed. Fusar
ium fungus produces mycotoxins,
which have a negative impact on
animal health. Grain from infected
fields may be less palatable to
livestock than unaffected grain.
Mycotoxins also can induce mus
cle spasms and vomiting in non
ruminating animals.
The mycotoxin in question is
zearalenone and can be produced
on many different crops including
corn, wheat, sorghum, barley, and
oats. Growth of the fungus can oc
cur in the field or in storage, but
conditions for growth are opti
mum at temperatures of 20-25 de
grees Celsius and moisture greater
than 23 percent (45 percent is opti
mal).
Production of zearalenone by
the fungus is stimulated when the
moisture in the grain is high and
environmental temperatures drop
to about 15 degrees c. In other
words, our warm days have helped
the Fusarium become established,
and the cool nights have encour
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aged the mycotoxin zearalenone
to be produced by the fungus.
One of the effects of zearalen
one in swine is the swelling of the
vulva and mammary glands in
prepubertal gilts. In young male
pigs, feminization can occur, in
cluding shrinking of the testicles
and swelling of the prepuce and
mammary glands. High levels of
zearalenone in sows can cause in
fertility, constant estrus, reduced
litter size and, occasionally, small
or malformed pigs. In the boar, no
detrimental reproductive effects
have been observed.
Another mycotoxin that can be
produced by Fusarium species and
that can cause injurious effects in
swine is deoxynivalenol. With this
mycotoxin, also known as vomi
toxin, vomiting and feed refusal is
common. As little as 10 parts per
million of this mycotoxin will re
sult in feed refusal in swine and a
subsequent reduction in growth
rate.
Other mycotoxins, if present in
large enough quantities, can affect
livestock.
Take care to determine the
quality of the feedstuffs you use.
If conditions warrant it, test feeds
for the presence of mycotoxins.
These tests can be expensive to
run and several labs are required
to quantify mycotoxin levels.
On the preventative side, work
to ensure that the grains and com
mercial feeds you use are handled
properly. Avoid getting dry feeds/
grains wet, because moisture is
necessary for the fungus to prolif
erate. When handling grains and
mixed feeds, watch for areas of
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Denver Fair
When you think of fall, what
comes to mind? Changing of
temperatures? Changing color of
leaves? Children going back to
school? Harvest time?
Along with the harvesting of
one’s summer labor of love
(whether it be in a small garden or
in a field) comes the satisfaction
performance. If you notice un
usual symptoms in your animals
or a decrease in performance, in
cluding fluctations in feed intake,
feed efficiency or growth rate,
consider the presence of mycotox
ins as a probable cause. Then con
tact your local extension office,
feed dealer, veterinarian, or feed
lab and find out how to test for the
presence of these compounds in
your feed.
Hog producers who keep good
records to monitor the growth rate,
feed efficiency, and feed intake of
their hogs are ahead of the game.
of a job well done.
You can win a ribbon to add to
that feeling of satisfaction at the
Denver Community Fair, Septem
ber 15-19. The fair will be held in
the Denver Memorial Park, on
Main Street, Denver.
The fairgrounds are located
about two miles from exit 21 of
the Pennsylvania Turnpike. For
These performance traits can be
used as tools to evaluate new ra
tions, feed additives, and genetics
as well as problems in herd health
or feeding program.
So this year, be on the lookout
for changes in the performance of
your livestock, especially if you
are feeding wheat as a part of
swine diets. And remember, if
current environmental conditions
persist, similar fungus organisms
can also grow on other types of
feed grains, which could result in
similar mycotoxin problems.
specific directions, call the Den
ver Borough office, 8 a.m. to S
p.m., (215)267-2831 or
(215)267-4072 (and leave a
message).
n
Exhibits will be received on the
fairgrounds in the Denver Memor
ial Park on Monday, September
14, from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. The
exhibits should be taken to the
upper level of the park.
Exhibitors must register their
name, address, and phone number.
The exhibit number can be picked,
up at either the entrance of the
Recreation Center (which wilf
house arts and crafts, photogra
phy, needlework, baked goods,*
and canned goods).
Exhibits and .premiums may be
picked up Saturday, September 19
at 9 p.m. No early removals will
be allowed.
There are best-of-show trophies
awarded in both adult and youth
divisions for arts, crafts, photogra
phy, needlecraft, and elementary
art. Call (215)267-5351 for exhi
bit information.
KEN CLUGSTON
(717) 665-6775
CRAFT-BILT
CONSTRUCTION INC.
farm-home building
1242 Breneman Road
MANHEIM, PA 17545
RH: (717) 665-4372
BUILDING & REMODELING FOR
dairy residential
SWINE POLE BUILDINGS
BEEF STORAGE
automatic
af S farm
systems
[HI I » 608 Evergreen Rd.
|f|| 1M Lebanon, PA 1 7042
XB ( 717 ) 274-5333
"We not only give you what u«
have; hut alto what you want.