PARSIPPANY, N J. A large
body of evidence points to the fact
that vitamin E supplementation
can moderate the effects of specif
ic diseases in dairy cattle accord
ing to an animal nutrition
corporation.
Some of the most recent
research suggests levels of vita
min E beyond those needed for
normal growth and reproduction
may actually enhance bovine
immune systems.
“Vitamin E in Animal Nutrition
and Management,” a new refer
ence manual published by BASF
Animal Nutrition, summarizes the
state of current knowledge on the
topic.
Vitamin E is essential for the
integrity and optimum function of
reproductive, muscular, circulat
ory and immune systems, said Dr.
Michael Coelho, BASF nutrition
ist and technical service manager.
Recent studies have focused on
the possible enhancement of ani
mal immune systems by feeding
vitamin E in amounts greater than
those required for normal growth
and reproduction. Most reports
indicate that vitamin E alone or in
combination with selenium
enhances immunity in a variety of
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Vitamin
species, Coelho said.
There is growing evidence that
supplemental vitamin E can help
control mastitis and other diseases
in dairy cattle he said.
In a 1984 study supervised by
K. Larry Smith of Ohio Slate Uni
versity, first-lactation heifers sup
plemented with vitamin E and
selenium showed significantly
fewer quarters infected at calving,
reduced prevalence of infection
throughout lactation, fewer cases
of clinical masddes, infections of
shorter duration and lower soma
tic cell counts when compared to
unsupplemented heifers.
In 1989, Smith, J.S. Hogan and
Ohio State co-workers studied the
incidence and causes of mastitis in
nine well-managed dairy herds for
one year.
"The major mastitis problem in
these herds was clinical mastitis,
and the overall incidence was
approximately one new clinical
case per, two cow lactations,”
Smith wrote.
Diets of dry cows and the
rations fed to the top-producing
third of the lactating cows were
analyzed three different times dur
ing the year for vitamin E and
selenium. It was found that the
Equipment
E Helps Dairy Cows
lower the level of vitamin E in the
cows’ diets, the higher the inci
dence of clinical mastitis. The
same correlation existed between
mastitis incidence and levels of
selenium in the cows* blood.
Serious mastitis control begins
with a good program of post
milking teat-end disinfection, total
dry cow therapy and a clean, dry
environment for the cows. Smith
said. But he added, “The degree of
success of these hygienic mea
sures may to some degree depend
on the resistance of the'herd to
disease.”
Holstein cows need 1,000 Inter
national Units (IU) of vitamin E
per cow during the dry period and
lactation, the Ohio State scientist
said. “The exact supplemental
amount of vitamin E will depend
on the quality and amount of for
age being fed.”
Vitamin E occurs naturally in a
wide variety of feedstuffs, but cur
rent feedstuff preservation prac
tices may cause serious reductions
in vitamin E levels in livestock
rations.
“Rations containing high
moisture grain may require more
vitamin E supplementation than
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rations containing dried grain,”
Coelho said. “A number of factors
must be considered, such as the
initial vitamin E level of the feed
stuff and any additional process
ing it has undergone.
"The discovery of vitamins is
relatively recent,” said Coelho.
HARRISBURG (Dauphin Co.)
Egg production in Pennsylva
nia during May 1992 totaled 464
million eggs, up 8 percent from
the 429 million eggs produced in
May 1991, according to the Pen
nsylvania Agricultural Statistics
Service.
The total number of layers on
hand averaged 19.8 million during
the month, 6 percent more than
May 1991. Production per 100
layers was 2,340 eggs, up from the
2,303 eggs produced during the
previous May.
Egg production during the
March through May 1992 quarter
totaled 1,372 billion eggs, up 8
percent from the same quarter in
1991. The average number of lay-
ers on hand for the three month
period was 19.6 million, com
pared with 18. S million during the
same quarter last year.
Egg-type hatch totaled 4.6 mil
lion chicks during May 1992, 7
percent less than in May 1991.
Cumulative egg-type hatch for
January through May, at 20.2 mil
lion, was 8 percent less than the
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“In fact, vitamin E was not identi
fied as a dietary factor until 1922.
But just as vitamin E is now rec
ognized as an indispensable part
of a balanced human diet, research
confirms its importance for animal
health and reproduction.”
corresponding period in 1991.
Broiler-type hatch totaled 10.7
million during May 1992, down 6
percent from the previous year
May. Aggregate broiler-type
hatch for January-May 1992 was
53.4 million, down 1 percent from
the previous year.
United States’ egg production
totaled 17.7 billion eggs during
the March through May quarter,
up 2 percent from the correspond
ing quarter a year ago. All layers
in the U.S. on June 1,1992 totaled
275 million, compared with 272
million a year ago. Rate of lay per
day on June 1,1992 averaged 68.6
eggs per 100 layers, compared
with 68.7 for June 1, 1991.
Egg-type chicks hatched during
May totaled 38.3 million, 1 per
cent above the May 1991 total.
Broiler-type hatch, at 596 million,
was 2 percent above May last
year, llie 28.6 million poults
placed in the United Slates during
May were 4 percent below the
placements during the same
month a year ago.
Vegie
Crops
Down
HARRISBURG
(Dauphin Co.) Pro
cessors in Pennsylvania
have contracted 5,600
acres of snap beans in
11992,1,000 acres below
the 6,600 acres con
tracted in 1991, accord
i ing to the Pennsylvania
Agricultural Statistics
1 Service.
Sweet com proces
sors have contracted
2,000 acres, down 39
percent from the 3,300
contracted in 1991.
Tomato processors have
contracted 1,200 acres,
down 20 percent from
the 1,500 contracted in
1991.
United States’ pro
cessors have contracted
1.37 million acres of
vegetables in 1992 for
the nation’s four major
vegetable crops (snap
beans, sweet com, green
peas, and tomatoes).
This is down 10 percent
from 1991 and 9 percent
below 1990.
U.S. snap bean pro
cessors have contracted
205,620 acres, down 12
percent from last year.
Sweet com processors
have contracted
535,300 acres, down 5
percent from the previ
ous year. Tomato pro
cessors have contracted
273,820 acres in 1992, a
24 percent decline from
last year. Green pea pro
cessors have contracted
352,900 acres, down 1
percent from 1991.