ASHjncMlar Farming, Saturday, May 9, 1992
HERBERT C. JORDAN
Associate Professor
Poultry Science
Penn State University
UNIVERSITY PARK (Centre
Co.) Many of the 200 capon
growers in Pennsylvania each year
agree with industry leaders about
chick bedding.
Meat bird producers in the state
say new, fresh, clean, useful bed
ding materials are scarce or non
existent at sometime each year.
Broiler, roaster, capon, game
bird and turkey producers say bed
ding materials are too expensive
today to place 2 inches of fresh,
clean bedding under each flock of
baby poults or chicks.
Therefore, in the last 10 to 20
years, we have seen more re-use of
old litter.
(Bedding refers to fresh clean
material; litter refers to used
materials which may carry
pathogens).
Most people agree that cleaning
and disinfecting a house for capons
after every flock and starting new
capons on new bedding is a valu
Highest Average Ever
For Calf Sale
FREDERICK, Md. Bidding
was brisk at this year’s Mid-
Atlantic Brown Swiss Calf Sale
held at the Frederick Fairgrounds
recently.
One of the largest crowds ever
in attendance saw 29 calves aver
age $1,243, the highest average in
sale history. The quality of con
signments merited good prices
and calves went to the surround
ing states of Pennsylvania, Virgi
nia, and New York. One calf sold
to a breeder in Alabama, and two
sold to Puerto Rico.
The demand for Brown Swiss is
on the rise as evidenced in this
successful calf sale. In fact, nine
junior calves (bom March 1992)
averaged $1,200.
First in the ring and topping the
sale with a bid at $2,400 was a
March calf from Jerry Harkness,
We-Gotta Farm of Marcellus,
N.Y. She sold to John and Bonnie
Hess, Gettysburg. The third dam
is the breed lifetime milk and pro
tein champion.
Second high selling at $2,100
was a September calf consigned
by Wayne Sliker, St Paris, Ohio.
She was backed by two (VG)
dams with solid production and
test Howard and Norma Fleming,
Burnt Mills Farm, Hollywood,
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Capons Do Better With Fresh Bedding
able husbandry method.
Here ate some factors to consid
er if new chicks are placed on old,
used, and untreated litter.
• Old litter normally carries
higher quantities of pollutants such
as lead, cadmium and mercury
than new bedding does, because
each flock causes elements to build
up.
• Old litter can carry live, atte
nuated or dead poultry disease
pathogens from previous flocks.
Growing two or more flocks of
capons on one batch of bedding is
not recommended.
• Old litter can harbor more
parasites, vermin, or eggs of
parasites.
• Most experts agree that all
meat birds standing on bedding or
litter eat some of that bedding or
litter. Thus we see the diet of a bird
can be affected by old contami
nated litter if the bird's diet consists
of 1 percent or more bedding or lit
ter. Many capons do eat litter, so be
careful. On necropsy, litter can be
found present in small quantities or
impacted in the crop or gizzard.
Md. purchased the animal.
Next high selling calf, and the
third animal over $2,000, was a
consignment of Dwayne and Mir
iam Bell, Knoxville, Md., a pow
erful June Conductor with a strong
pedigree to match. Her dam is
sired by Dotson and she is the
number one cow on the Supple
mental Cow Performance Index
List in the January 1992 Perfor
mance Summary. She sold to Ray
Espcnshade, Williamsport, Md.
Many calves sold to area Mary
land breeders as well.
“We had a great sale and I
believe there is a tremendous
future for the Brown Swiss breed
as indicated by the interest and
support of the buyers here today,”
said Scott Hood, president of the
Maryland-Deiaware Brown Swiss
Association.
Wayne Sliker sold the animals
with Maryland and junior mem
bers working around the ring.
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• Some species, for example
turkeys, have been known to eat
enough bedding or litter to cause
illness or death.
Thus, we may wish to consider
feeding insoluble or granite grit to
birds to help the bird grind and
pass bedding or litter materials.
Feeding insoluble grit is essential
for a healthy capon.
However, do not feed
capons or any young grow
ing bird, calcium grit. NEVER!
NEVER!!
• If any pesticide or toxic litter
treatment is used, it may accumu
late in old litter. It should not be
consumed by birds. Litter used
more than once may adversely
affect birds.
• In chemically testing fecal
material or manure from poultry,
we find many minerals or elements
are concentrated more in feces
than in feed. This means more
parts per million (ppm) on a dry
(ups)
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weight basis. Such elements as
nickel, copper, aluminum, zinc,
chromium, cadmium, and iron are
more concentrated in feces coming
out of the bird than in feed entering
the bird's mouth. Thus, we see how
capons need fresh bedding.
• Capons may rest in bedding or
litter with their breast skin pressed
into bedding for many hours each
day. Injury to breast, skin, or a
developing blister may cause the
carcass to be downgraded and not
sold for a profitable grade A price.
Capon producers have a terrible
time maintaining 80 percent Grade
A carcasses on most farms.
For these reasons it is a valuable
practice to use 2- to 6-inches of
fresh clean bedding to finish
capons on.
Clean and disinfect the house
after capons leave and start over
again with 2 to 6 inches of fresh
clean bedding. If you do this you
are more likely to receive $l.BO
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pound for the ready to cook (RTC)
carcass.
If fanners experiment with new
bedding materials never before
tried, approach it as a field test or
trial.
Do not put toxic substances in as
bedding. Observe birds frequently
for the first 10 to 16 weeks and
allow a diasnostic lab of exper
ienced field person to help you.
When you try new bedding
materials always be alert
The scarce litter crisis needs
new ideas, innovation, risk, faith
and hope that new, valuable, fresh
bedding sources can be found.
Bedding buyers for large com
mercial contract firms say bedding
is scarce or not available or too
expensive to use several months
each year.
Treated wood products with
PCB's or sotrte other toxic chemi
cal should not be used for poultry
bedding.
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