DROUGHT WATCH
(Continued from Page 02)
for grain and those to salvage as
silage. The price for a com crop
salvaged as silage should be set
somewhere between the potential
returns from harvesting as grain
(low) and the feed value of the
crop (high).
The stressful conditions present
here in August will likely contri
bute to increased standability
problems this fall, as stalk
reserves are depleted during grain
fill and plants will be predisposed
to stalk rot organisms. This may
be a consideration in making plans
for a timely harvest.
Purchasing the Lowest
Cost Source of Protein
Energy rather than protein is
much more likely to be the limit
ing nutrient in beef cow rations
except when low quality forages
are fed. Protein levels may be
marginal and, in fact, for young
growing animals protein may be
Table 5. Cost per pound of crude protein in various supplements
Supplement
Soybean meal
Alfalfa hay
Urea
40% LP (35% NPN)
500# range block
50# range block
40% LP (all natural)
40% LP (19% NPN)
Wet brewer’s grain
Cottonseed meal
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grossly deficient.
If supplemental protein is
needed and producers want to
compare the protein content of
mote traditional supplements with
alternative feeds, the simplest and
quickest method is to value-feeds
based solely on crude protein con
tent per pound of dry matter. This
method however, does not
account for nutrients other than
protein in the feeds such as miner
als, vitamins and energy. As
shown in Table 5, there is a range
in cost per pound of crude protein
from $0.04 to $0.61. In this exam
ple, the lowest cost protein source
is urea, but urea by itself cannot be
fed to cow herds. Additionally,
urea and other nonprotein nitrogen
(NPN) compounds are not recom
mended when low quality forages
are fed as the sole component of
the diet Generally energy levels
are too low in these diets for the
animals to receive full benefit
from NPN feeding.
* Not valued for other nutrients
11l
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iet your needs
rranty
Farmers, Homeowners Should
Be Aware Of Consumptive
Use Of Water
During a drought, it may be
tempting to give the lawn a daily
sprinkling, water the vegetable
garden for an hour each morning
or if you’re a farmer, start irrigat
ing your 300 acres of com. Before
you do, take note of how much
When feed supplies are limited,
there are alternative feeds that
may be successfully substituted in
beef cattle rations. More than the
price per ton of feed should be
considered when choosing alter
native feeds. Other factors to con
sider when comparing feeds
include dry matter content, energy
value, crude protein content, and
feasibility of feeding in formu
lated rations. Finally, a good herd
health program, forage testing and
ration balancing are essential to
obtain maximum animal perfor
mance and profitability from alter
native feeds.
CP Cost Cost CP
(% DM) ($/ton) ($/Ib)
44 200 0.23
17 120 0.35
280 220 0.04
40 192 0.24
25 304 0.61
40 360 0.45
40 314 0.39
40 238 0.30
30 28 0.21
41 150 0.18
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Conclusion
water you will consumptively use.
“Consumptive use of water
occurs when water is drawn from
a ground or surface source and not
directly returned to the earth,” said
Dr. A 1 Jarrett, professor of agri
cultural engineering in Penn
State’s College of Agriculture.
“It’s a major concern during
drought emergencies.”
Consumptively used water
doesn’t disappear forever. But it is
released into the atmosphere
through -evaporation. It can be
reused only when it finally returns
to the earth as precipitation and
in a summer like this one, that
could take a while.
The water you sprinkle on your
lawn and garden is consumptively
used since it either evaporates or is
taken up by the plants’ roots. So
are the 9,000 gallons of water
taken from the soil by an acre of
com on a hot July day.
The five gallons of water used
to flush the toilet or the 30 gallons
used to wash a load of clothes is
not consumptively used since it
returns to the earth once it is
treated. A dairy cow can drink 20
gallons of water in a day, but only
half is consumptively used in milk
production. The rest returns to the
earth as waste.
“Not surprisingly, agriculture is
one of the largest consumptive
users of water,” said Jarrett. “It
requires an average 600,000 gal
lons of water each year to grow an
acre of any crop. Except for the
small amount that remains in the
stems and leaves, all of this water
is transpired into the air.”
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Lancaster Farming Saturday, August 24,1991-03
During a declared drought
emergency, there are limitations
on the amount of water farmers
may consumptively use. In the
Susquehanna River Basin, the
limit is 20,000 gallons per day. In
other areas, certain water uses
may be restricted.
Homeowners watering lawns
and gardens also should monitor
water consumption during a
drought. Garden hoses, sprinklers
and basin faucets use from three to
five gallons per minute. If you run
a sprinkler for two hours, dial can
amount to 600 gallons.
During a drought emergency,
you should contact the river basin
commission in your area if you
consumptively use more than
20,000 gallons of water a day or
are considering a large irrigation
project. The commission regulates
water use and can assist with plan
ning large water-use projects.
If you are located in the Susque
hanna River Basin, contact the
Susquehanna River Basin Com
mission, 1721 North Front Street,
Harrisburg, PA 17102, (717)
238-0427. Growers in the Dela
ware River Basin can contact the
Delaware River Basin Commis
sion, P.O. Box 7360, West Tren
ton, NJ 08628, (609) 883-9500.
For further information or for a
copy of a listing of fact sheets on
water consumption and other
issues, contact the Agricultural
and Biological Engineering
Department, 246 Agricultural
Engineering Building, University
Park, PA 16802, (814) 865-7685.