ANDY ANDREWS
Lancaster Farming Staff
DENVER (Lancaster Co.)
Swine producers can make at least
$l3 return for each dollar invested
in vaccinating their hogs against
pseudorabies virus (PRV), accord
ing to research on lean-type car
cass pigs.
The study, conducted by Dr.
Tim Loula, a veterinarian from St.
Peter, Minnesota, was conducted
on an all-in, all-out finisher system
with four replications.
About 224 pigs were used in the
study, which also used pigs not
treated to the vaccine (and exposed
to the virus) in the same buidlingto
study the effects of pseudorabies.
‘ ‘This is the first study I’ve seen
that gives an economic justifica
tion for vaccinating finishing hogs
against the virus,” said Dr.
Timothy P. Trayer, DVM, of
(Continued from Peg* D 8)
inject anhydrous ammonia into
large round bales, but these are not
yet sold commercially. Currently
the most readily available means
of treating moist hay is to cover
bales with plastic and then inject
them. Since the ammonia may not
distribute uniformly, portions of
the bale may spoil.
Pelleted urea can be converted
to ammonia by bacteria normally
found on hay. Application of urea,
therefore, is much simpler than
using anhydrous ammonia gas.
Researchers have found that rela
tively large amounts of urea (5-7
percent, as baled) applied during
baling can preserve hay containing
up to 30 percent moisture. Urea is
only effective, however, if the hay
is stored shortly after baling and
covered tightly with plastic sheet
ing. Again, ammoniate only good
to high-quality forages to no more
than one percent (as baled) and
feed cautiously.
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Hog Producers Profit From PRY Vaccination
Hutchison, Trayer & Reed Veter- floor, the vaccination is cost effec- bies was present on the floor, other aldo Iglesias at North Carolina
inary Associates. live, will reduce field virus shed- types of diseases became preva- State University.
Trayer is working with swine ding, and will reduce the impact of lent, including Haemophilus Hog producers, according to the
producers in the region to elminate other health problems,” said pleuropneumonia (Actinobacillus researchers, must be committed to
PRV and develop programs that Trayer. pleuropneumonia). eliminating PRV.
limit economic impact on The location of the study was And a combination of the PRV “There are not many studies
production. southern Minnesota, from March and another infection, Streptococ- done that will give these kinds of
“The article supports my pro- 7, 1990 to July 23, 1990. cus suis, reduced average daily conclusions,” said Trayer.
fessional view that with active One of the important findings of gain more than either agent alone. The study will soon appear in a
field virus on a swine finishing the study was that, when pseudora- according to rersearch by Dr. Ger- leading swine journal.
ATLANTA, Ga. “Firing” of
the lower leaves in com is often
attributed to moisture stress or nit
rogen deficiency, but it’s likely
that in some cases it is caused by
potassium deficiency.
The last several summers have
seen an increase in visible potas
sium deficiency in several com
crops. When com is deficient in
potassium, the margins of the low-
Watch For
Recently, many types of micro
bial hay preservatives have been
developed. In general, these pro
ducts do no harm, but they have
only limited proven ability to pre
serve hay.
Propionic acid and anhydrous
ammonia (application rates of
about one percent of wet forage
weight) are the only preservatives
that are consistently effective on
hay containing 23-30 percent
moisture.
Other preservatives may be
effective on hay containing 20-25
percent moisture (follow manufac
ture directions), but many have not
been scientifically tested.
Preservatives other than ammo
nia and urea do not improve feed
ing value, but can reduce storage
losses.
Hall emphasizes that it is essen
tial to know the moisture content
of the hay before baling. Hay con
taining more than 30 percent mois
ture should not be baled even with
a preservative.
Our Sales Tool Is A Satisfied Customer -
Its Seen On Hog Finishin
Bene\
Be On Lookout For Potassium Deficiencies
ESTABLISHED SINCE 1979
• AGRICULTURE • COMMERCIAL • RESIDENTIAL
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CONCRETE CHESAPEAKE
SYSTEM! BAY FUNDING
er leaves turn brown and lower
leaves drop off prematurely. The
plant will be stunted in growth,
with delayed development and
maturity.
If you are unsure the symptom
observed is potassium deficiency,
plant analysis can be a helpfUl
diagnostic tool. Collect 20 to 30
whole plants from com less than
12 inches tall. If com is more
mature, collect the last fully deve
loped leaf from IS to 25 plants.
Collect samples from both the poor
and better areas of the field for
comparative purposes. The lab
will provide an indication of suffi
ciency level.
Four National Dairy Shows Set
HARRISBURG (Dauphin Co.) Hairisburg( Pennsylvania.”
- Four national dairy breed asso- A n. American has always
ciation have again selected the attracted nationally known breed-
Pennsylvania All-Amencan Dairy ers an( j ex hibltors of all six major
Show in Harrisburg for their dairy breeds from as far away as
b ree< f shows. California, Texas, Florida, Maine,
The American Jersey Cattle Wisconsin and Canada, as well as
Club has scheduled their Mid- Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland,
Atlanhc Regional Show, the Hols- New Yo rk. Virginia. Kentucky>
If™ Friesian Association sche- Indiana, the Carolinas and the New
duled their Eastern National Show, En gland states
the National Brown Swiss Associ
ation will hold the Eastern Brown
Swiss Show and the American
Guernsey Association its national
show
Last year, nearly 2,000 top dairy
animals were exhibited. “We
expect at least that many for the
28th annual show,” said show
mananger, Charles Itle. “Septem
ber 23 through 26th are the dates
and the place is the nationally
known Farm Show Complex in
IN GROUND MANURE
STORAGE SYSTEM
Floor
When potassium deficiency
symptoms are visible, yields have
already been hurt. It takes a rather
severe deficiency to produce dis
tinctive symptoms. Unfortunately,
there is little that can be done for
this year’s crop. However, fertility
management needs to be modified
to correct the problem for next
year. That starts with a soil test of
the problem field to determine
existing soil test potassium levels.
Part of the apparent increase in
frequency of potassium deficiency
is due to a decrease in tillage in
com production. The most severe
deficiencies have been noted in
Lancaster Fanning Saturday. July 27,1991*09
ridge-till and no-till fields, in many
cases even when soils test in the
high range for available potas
sium. The reduction in potassium
availability may be due to
increased soil density, altered soil
potassium distribution, changes in
root distribution or shape, or soil
moisture and temperature
differences.
Some com hybrids are more
sensitive than others to marginal
potassium availability. In a 1990
ridge-till study in Minnesota, yield
response to a fall band application
of potassium was 53 bushels per
acre for one hybrid and 34 bushels
for another. Hybrid differences
may be caused by differences in
root growth.
Potassium deficient com is bad
for profitability and bad for the
environment. As yields decrease
below the projected level, the
amount of soil nitrate present after
harvest is greater, increasing the
potential for nitrate leaching into
groundwater.
Watch your fields carefully this
summer. The “firing” you see may
not all be due to moisture stress or
nitrogen deficiency.
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