Youngsters: Set Goal To
Raise Quality Pullets
Herbert C. Jordan mouth should be pink, and there
Associate Professor should be no lesions or health dis-
Poultry Science orders of any kind present. The
Penn State bird should have a complete, nor
mal beak. Vent, abdomen, comb
In 1985,32 Pennsylvania youth and body capacity must be adequ
m 4-H and FFA completed the pul- ate to superior in development A
let project while only 16 did so in Mark 1 P“Het can be pastured,
1990. while lower quality pullets may
Raising female chicks to not do well on pasture.
20-week-old pullets is an art as A Mark II pullet may have two
well as a science. Health, quality, pointy primary wing feathers
and productivity of the started pul- unmolted on the end of each wing,
let are the goals we must reach. She may be toward the top or bot-
Pullets from youth projects are tom of the accepted body weight
sold to perform well in small back- range for the particular breeder,
yard flock situations where Some soft abdominal fat may be
adverse conditions may exist. present but no hard fat nor excess
Pullets can be evaluated and soft fat can be present. Muscle and
given a quality designation. A bone should be dense and adequ-
Mark I pullet at 20 weeks of age is ate. Skin in mouth or on head may
usually 2.5 to 3.5 pounds live body appear slightly anemic. Bird must
weight, with little or no fat in the be properly debeaked. Eyes must
abdomen when handled. The be clear and health must be adequ
weight should agree with the ate. Wings, legs, and feet must be
breeders’ chart at that age. The normal. Vent, abdomen, comb,
pullet must have a normal beak, and body capacity must be normal
The body should be fully feath- or adequate but need not be
ered, muscles should be dense and superior,
strong, while bones and joints A Mark 111 pullet may be
should be dense. debeaked but otherwise normal. It
Wings, legs, and feet must be ma y be retarded, obese, too thin
powerful and normal. Eyes must and /or have a light body weight, be
be bright and clear, skin of the too heavy, poorly feathered, or
have poorly developed comb, vent,
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abdomen, leg, or foot as well as
have a pale head or bleached legs.
This bird, if cared for properly,
could do reasonably well in the
laying house.
These pullets may range in price
from $3 to $9 each when sold in
small numbers, depending on the
market and quality of the pullet.
The pullet project does not
return large profits. It does, how
ever, give a pleasant sense of
accomplishment when a high qual
ity pullet is grown. A high quality
pullet is like a fine timepiece—the
quality is remembered after the
price is forgotten.
A growing trend in Pennsylva
nia since 1970 is to molt a laying
pullet at 60-70 weeks of age and
return her to a normal second cycle
of egg production. This must be
done only if the pullet is grown
well and has the breeding to do so.
Pullet quality is low in some
areas of Pennsylvania. Our goal is
to improve pullet quality with
every flock. From day-old, give
the pullet the necessary environ
ment, nutrition, grit, pure water,
health program, and behavior to
succeed. Be careful with surgery
on a pullet do it right or not at
all.
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Farm Leaders Demand
GATT Agreement
ROME, Italy The president
of the National Farmers Union
(NFU) said world farm leaders are
deeply concerned about instability
in the global farm sector, and say a
sound agreement under the Uru
guay Round of international trade
talks would help.
NFU President Leland Swen
son, who also serves as a vice pres
ident of the Paris-based Interna
tional Federation of Agricultural
Producers (IFAP), said new trade
conflicts are imminent since com
modity surpluses have built up in
many countries and low prices
threaten producers.
The IFAP executive board,
meeting in Rome this week, passed
a resolution urging a successful
conclusion to the current General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT) negotiations by the end of
the year as a way to stave off such
conflicts.
IFAP President Hans Kjeldsen,
a farmer from Denmark, said the
surpluses are creating a serious
income problem for farmers every
where, but particularly in export
ing and developing countries.
IFAP has supported proposals to
do away with export dumping and
other trade practices aimed at
doing away with surpluses. But
Swenson said farm organization
leaders believe long-term,
production-based farm programs
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must be maintained to stabilize
world commodity supplies and
support farmers.
IFAP leaders add that national
reconstruction of farm policies is
taking place in nearly all indust
rialized countries without a multi
lateral agreement to make them
consistent Swenson said many
farmers are disappointed that reg
ional trade discussions, such as the
proposed U.S., Canada, and Mex
ico free-trade agreement, arc tak
ing place without analyses of their
affects on the rest or ihe world.
Swenson said GATT won’t
solve the problems farmers face,
particularly if an agreement is
reached which would weaken
domestic farm programs. But, he
said, farmers everywhere are frus
trated with depressed prices, pres
sure on government agricultural
budgets, and the inability of gov
ernments to agree on a policy
framework.
“The drift from the land is
accelerating again,” said Kjeldsen.
“And this time, it’s the young, edu
cated farmers who are leaving.”
IFAP is a federation of 81
national farmers organizations
from 55 countries. It represents
several hundred million farmers in
developing countries as well as
farmers in the industrialized
nations.
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