Livestock Notes
Flushing Increases ter size in gilts. Thirty-nine gilts
Litter Size were flushed with 3.4 pounds of
In Gilts ground milo in addition to a
Many producers increase the 4-pound basal diet for two weeks
energy content of the ration prior prior to breeding. Forty-two more
to Hiding (flushing) in hopes of gilts were fed just the 4-pound
increasing litter size. Does flush- basal diet. All gilts were bred on
ing really work? the first heat after the start of the
A recent Kansas State Universi- trial and then classified as to
ty study examined the effect of whether they were bred on the first
flushing on ovulation rate and lit- or subsequent heats.
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Flushed gilts bred on the first
heat ovulated more eggs (14.4 vs
13.3) and farrowed larger litters
(9.4 vs. 8.3) than gilts that weren’t
flushed. Flushing had no signific
ant effect on ovulation rates or lit
ter size in gilts bred on their sec
ond or subsequent heats, although
ovulation rates tended to be
higher.
It appears that flushing may
increase litter size in gilts on most
farms, especially if gilts arc bred
at first heat
No Long-Term
Effects Of Feed
And Water Restriction
At Feeder-Pig Sales
A joint study of feeder pigs by
the University of Nebraska and
the University of Missouri found
no effect of 1) injecting long
acting tetracycline upon arrival at
the feeder pig market; 2) feed and
water restriction at the market; 3)
restricted floor feeding during the
first week after arriving at the
farm.
In the study, researchers co
mingled nearly 300 pigs at a com
mercial feeder pig auction. While
at the sale bam, half the pigs
received 2 to 3 cc of LA-200. In
addition, pigs received feed and
water, water only, or neither. Pigs
were then transported 500 miles
(travel time approximately 20
hours) to the research facilities.
Once the pigs arrived at the
research farm, half of them were
floor-fed twice a day, the others
had access to a self-feeder.
Results:
• Pigs receiving feed and water
at the sale bam were roughly two
pounds heavier for the first 16
days after arriving at the research
bam. But feed and water, or water
only at the sale bam, provided no
long term benefits in growth rate
or feed conversion.
• LA-200 injections at the sale
bam had no effects on perfor
mance, death loss, or the number
of pigs treated during the grow
out period.
• Floor feeding decreased
weight gains during the first 9
days at the research bam. But it
had no overall effect on any per
formance trait.
Conclusions:
• Water for pigs is probably not
needed at feeder pigs auctions
unless the temperature is over 75
degrees, or pigs remain at the auc
tion for more than 12 hours.
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• Feed is apparently not neces
sary at feeder pigs auctions unless
pigs remain there for more than 12
hours.
• Injecting pigs with LA-200
upon arrival at feeder pigs auc
tions seems to be of little value.
• Restricting feed to newly
arrived feeder pigs, which is often
done to decrease problems with
diarrhea, has no long-term detri
mental effects on performance.
Designing
On-Farm Trials
Many pork producers have con
ducted on-farm trials to compare
different rations, feed additives, or
management practices. Unfortu
nately, the data from these trials is
often unless because the trial was
poorly designed. S.M. Neal from
Ohio State recently listed some
important considerations for set
ting up on-farm trials.
• Carefully select and isolate
the feed product or management
practice to be compared. Make
sure all variables arc accounted
for except the variables being
tested. For example, in comparing
two feed additives for growing
pigs, the protein, fat, fiber, and
lysine content of the rations
should be similar.
• Limit the number of products
or management practices m the
comparison.
• The environment must be
constant for all treatments (i.c.
same room or barn, same lecdcrs,
same flooring, etc.).
• Assign treatments to pens
within a room at random.
• Minimize genetic differences.
Each pen should have the same
number of pigs from each litter.
Pigs should be of the same breed,
line or cross for all treatments.
47 path