Pre-Harvest Combine Preparation Ensures
RACINE, WI Harvesting
clean, good-condition com, soy
beans or grain for storage or sale
depends on using a well
maintained, properly adjusted
combine.
The following is a header-to
graintank checklist that will help
ensure that a combine is ready to
harvest that which is as free of dirt
or damaged grain as possible.
Cutter Bars
Cutter bars and all other grain
header components should work
together to ensure a smooth crop
flow. A smooth crop flow allows
threshing and separating compo
nents to work at peak efficiency.
Problems at the cutter bar often
create problems of crop flow to the
threshing and separating areas.
Inspect the cutter bar’s knife
guards, hold-down clips and knife
sections. Replace worn parts to
prevent ragged cutting, poor cut
ting and to ensure a good clean
shearing action at the cutter bar.
Reels
Coordinate the reel speed, reel
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RL 72 South, Jonootown, PA
717-865-2994
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height and forward-rearward
adjustments to ensure good crop
flow. These adjustments may be
hand set before harvest or adjusted
as conditions warrant.
Inspect the settings on the reel
before harvest to make sure the set
tings arc appropriate for the crop
and the crop conditions expected.
If the combine is equipped with an
on-the-go adjusting mechanism,
test it for proper operation.
When using a pickup reel,
replace broken and worn-down
tines and adjust the tine pitch to the
best setting for expected crop
conditions.
Correct auger to header-bottom
clearance makes for a smooth flow
of crop to the feeder chain,
increases auger capacity and pre
vents grain damage.
In grain crops where very little
straw is being brought into the
header, do not overlook the use of
auger flight extensions to improve
crop flow to the feeder housing.
Inspect the auger drive, slip
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Condition Crops
clutch and speed setting to be sure
the auger will operate evenly with
out stopping or shattering the crop.
Header Level
Carefully check levclncss of the
header; an unlcvcl header will not
respond correctly to ground con
tour changes or cut standing crops
uniformly An unlevel header may'
leave low-hanging gram in the
field. A level header will recover
more grain.
Corn Heads
A properly adjusted com head
creates a smooth crop flow that
helps prevent damaged com and
leaving com in the field. Inspect
the gatherer chains and gatherer
drive components; adjust or
replace worn components. Adjust
or replace worn stalk roll knives as
needed. Check the stalk roll spac
ing, slip clutch adjustment, weed
knife sharpness and stripper shield
adjustment to ensure all ears are
picked and not damaged.
Feeder Housing
Inspect the feeder housing for
worn parts, proper slip clutch oper-
Tested
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ation and feeder chain tension.
These checks will help prevent
excessive wear and breakdowns,
help ensure good material flow
from the header to the threshing
area and help produce clean, unda
maged grain.
Threshing and
Separating
All components of the threshing
and separating system should be
inspected for wear and proper
operation. Check for any dirt,
rodent nests or rodent damage that
may have occurred since the after
harvest combine cleaning.
Replacing worn threshing parts
is one of the most important steps
toward clean, undamaged grain. It
is equally important to adjust the
clearance between the concave and
the threshing rotor in order to
match crop conditions.
Rotary threshing mechanisms
should be checked for wear and
proper adjustment on the impeller
blades that bring the crop and air
into the threshing process, the rasp
bars that thresh the crop, and the
separator bars that agitate and
separate the seed from the crop
residue.
To adjust the concave clearance,
turn the ratchet handle until the
concave indicator is at the appro-
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14 S. 4th Street Schaefferstown, PA 17088
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priate setting for expected condi
tions. Setting the rotor speed to the
proper rpm for the crop conditions
affects crop threshing and separa
tion, which can affect grain
quality.
Cleaning
Fan speed, chaffer sieve and
shoe sieve all must work together
to clean the final gram sample. The
fan speed must be high enough to
keep husks and straw floating, but
low enough to let the grain fall
through the sieves to the grain
auger.
Grain Handling
Pay special attention to worn
bearings or flightings on augers.
Worn augers are a major cause of
grain damage. To prevent grain
i cracking in the elevators, set eleva
tor chains to 1/32 of an inch
between chain and sprocket. Clean
the grain tank of any dirt accumu
lated during storage and check the
tank for leaks.
This checklist covers the items
that should be checked to harvest
cleanly and with little damage.
These same adjustments also serve
to cut grain losses, meaning more
bushels and income per acre.
For pre-harvest engine, lubrica
tion, tire and filter servicing, fol
low the recommendations in the
combine operator’s manual.