HARRISBURG - Five days
were rated suitable for fieldwork
around the state for the week
ending May 10. Farmers were busy
planting com, potatoes, oats and
soybeans and finishing their spring
plowing. Other activities included
repairing fences, hauling manure,
spreading fertilizer, caring for
their livestock and maintaining
their machinery.
The topsoil moisture levels were
rated adequate by 86 percent of the
reporters around the state ac
cording to the Pennsylvania
Agricultural Statistics Service.
Farmers in the northern region
rated topsoil moisture as 79 per
cent adequate, 7 percent short and
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Moisture Adequate;
14 percent surplus. In the central
region it was rated 88 percent
adequate and 12 percent short,
while in the southern region of the
state farmers rated moisture
levels 92 percent adequate and 8
percent surplus.
Eighty percent of the spring
plowing across the state was
completed by week’s end, well
above the five-year average of 70
percent. The northern region was
78 percent complete, the central
region was 85 percent complete
and the southern region was 77
percent complete.
Peach trees were 7 percent in the
pink stage and 93 percent in full
bloom or past, about the same as
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Plantings Lag
last year. Cherries were 6 percent
in the pink stage and 94 percent full
bloom or past, compared to 2
percent pink and 98 percent full
bloom or past for the same week
last year. By May 10 apples were 4
percent pre-pink, 25 percent pink
and 71 percent full bloom or past,
compared to last year’s 8 percent
pre-pink, 10 percent pink and 82
percent full bloom or past.
Thirty-three percent of the
state’s corn crop was planted
compared to 40 percent last year
and the five-year average of 28
percent. The northern region
farmers had 31 percent planted,
the central region was 25 percent
planted and the southern region
Behind Last Year
had 35 percent of the corn crop
planted.
The oats crop was 87 percent
planted by week’s end, compared
to 91 percent last year and the five
year average of 78 percent. The
northern region was 79 percent
planted, while the central region
was 85 percent and the southern
region was 99 percent planted.
Sixty-seven percent of the potato
crop was planted, compared to 66
percent last year and 55 percent
for the five-year average. Only
twenty-four percent of the state’s
soybean crop is planted, about the
same as last year’s 25 percent.
The tobacco planting is com
plete, sightly ahead of last year’s
98 percent and the five-year
average of 99 percent.
Scientists Get To
WASHINGTON - Genetic
engineering hasn’t been practical
for soybeans because laboratory
grown soybean cells refuse to
produce roots and shoots. Now U.S.
Department of Agriculture
scientists are getting roots-with
help from a microbe.
When plant cells are grown in a
laboratory so scientists can splice
in new beneficial genes, the cells’
own genes for root and shoot
development somehow “turn off.”
“Without roots and shoots you
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The wheat and barley crops were
in mostly good condition statewide.
The barley crop is 57 percent in
pre-boot, 23 percent boot and 20
percent headed, slightly ahead of
last year’s 64 percent in pre-boot,
20 percent in boot and 16 percent
headed. The wheat crop is reported
to be 79 percent in the pre-boot
stage and 21 percent in boot
compared to 91 percent pre-boot
and nine percent in boot last year
at this time.
The alfalfa stands were rated
good by 69 percent and fair by 31
percent of the state’s farmers.
Clover-timothy stands were rated
64 percent good and 36 percent fair.
The amount of feed being obtained
from pastures was rated 13 percent
above average, 76 percent average
and 11 percent below average.
4 Root ’
obviously have no plant, and if you
can’t get a plant back, there’s no
point in genetically engineering
cells,” plant physiologist Lowell D.
Owens of USDA’s Agricultural
Research Service said today.
For some plants-like alfalfa,
tobacco and petunias-scientists
can just add synthetic hormones
and roots and shoots develop. With
the soybean this doesn’t work.
So, Owens and geneticist Ann C.
Smigocki used Agnbacfrium
tumfaehm*, a soil microbe that
forms tumors on plants, to transfer
its own root-forming gene into
soybean cells. These cells then
produced roots for more than two
years.
This microbe is no stranger to
gene transfer. In nature, it forms
plant tumors by inserting genes for
both root and shoot formation at
the same time.
The scientists inactivated the
gene for shoot development in A.
tmaafachas and got what they
wanted: only the rooting gene went
to work.
They tried doing the reverse to
get shoots-inactivating the bac
terium’s root gene-hut it didn’t
work in soybeans. They are ex
ploring other ways to get shoots in
soybean at the agency’s Tissue
Culture and Molecular Biology
Laboratory in Beltsville, Md.
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