A264ancaster Farming, Saturday, Dacamber 27,1986
No-Till Conference
(Continued from Page Al)
production costs rather than
simply discussing ways to raise
yields.
And one of the best ways to
reduce production costs is to adopt
no-till methods, said Penn State
Extension economist Bill Waters.
Using figures gleaned from
statewide Com Club data, Waters
compared the economics of con
ventional tillage with no-till and
minimum-tillage methods. One of
the most significant cost savings
realized from no-till farming was
the result of fewer trips across the
field. While Com Club participants
logged an average of 4.7 operations
on their no-till (NT) fields,
minimum-till (MT) and con
ventional tillage (CT) required 6.6
and 7 operations, respectively. No
till’s reduced number of field
operations resulted in lower hours
Three farmers discussed the no-till techniques they employ
on their home operations during a panel discussion at the no
till conference. From left are Russell Cassell, Dan Baugher
and John Stoner.
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per acre required to produce a
crop: NT2.3; MT2.9; CT3.B.
Since fewer field operations
result in lower machinery costs,
no-till’s average machinery costs
were slightly more than one-half
the costs associated with con
ventional and minimum tillage.
In the final analysis, the per
bushel cost of getting a bushel of
com from the field to the point of
storage was $1.58 for no-till, $1.70
for conventional tillage and $1.74
for minimum tillage. “In labor and
net return, no-till is clearly the
most cost effective,” said Waters.
The conference also feature
experts from Virginia, Maryland
and Illinois. Harlan White, of
Virginia Polytechnic Institute,
discussed no-till forage
establishment. Seeding forages
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effective techniques if careful
attention is paid to establishing a
favorable environment for the
seedling, he said.
The University of Maryland’s
Ronald Ritter addressed no-till
weed control, noting that the
particularly worrisome weeds
include the annual grasses,
triazine-resistant pigweed and
lambsquarters and the deeply
rooted perennial weeds such as
Johnsongrass and Canada thistle.
An early preplant herbicide
application can be particularly
important for control of annual
grasses during a dry year, he said,
since early emerging weeds rob
crops of much needed moisture.
Sprayer expert Thomas Reed of
Wheaton, 111., was on hand to in
troduce farmers to the newest
methods for getting chemicals on
the field. Closed injection systems
may be the wave of the future he
said, since chemicals applied this
way are not exposed until they
come in contact with the intended
surfaces.
Discussing corn diseases
associated with conservation
tillage systems was Penn State
plant pathology professor John
Ayers. The specialist noted that
one of the most common problems
to arise in no-till fields is gray
leafspot. Characterized by rec
tangular lesions limited by the
com leaf’s veins, gray leafspot
“wasn’t a problem in the Mid-
Atlantic region until we went to
leaving debris on the surface,”
Ayers said. Options available to
the farmer for controlling the
disease include plowing the debris
into the soil, planting resistant
hybrids, or rotating to other crops.
High levels of triazine herbicides
in the soil can limit this latter
option, he pointed out.
Other disease problems include
northern com leaf blight, a disease
that causes boat-shaped lesions,
STATE
7 T P
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on Dec. 17.
and eyespot, characterized by
round to oval lesions on the leaves.
This latter disease is most evident
in northern Pennsylvania and New
York, Ayers said.
The program also included a
panel discussion featuring John
Stoner of Mercersburg, Russell
Cassell of Hummelstown and Dan
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Baugher of Taneytown, Md. All
three farmers rely heavily on no
till methods to produce their grains
and forages.
According to conference
chairman Lynn Hoffman, about
1,000 farmers and
agribusinessmen attended this
year’s thirteenth conference.
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