Large Production Increases Possible With Somatotropin
(Continued from Page Al)
Short term studies have shown
“responses at all stages of the
lactation cycle and actually
responses that were fairly con
sistent on a quantity basis,”
Chalupa reported. And although
the studies have shown an increase
in fat and protein yield, milk
composition was not affected. Any
increase in milk and fat, Chalupa
explained, is largely the result of
the increase in milk volume.
The extra energy needed to
produce this milk comes from
calories in additional food con
sumed and from calories that
normally would have gone to
adipose body tissues, Chalupa
said.
Long term studies have shown
that feed intake in cows injected
with somatotropin increases
within one to three weeks. And, he
continued, cows treated with
product “have a higher peak of
production and stay at that level of
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production for a longer period.”
In addition to eating more feed,
treated cows will use feed more
efficiently. “Even though the ’
animals are eating more, the
transfer of dietary nutrients to
milk is greater,” he said.
Two reasons for the increased
efficiency are that the animals are
producing more milk more;
therefore, maintenance
requirements are diluted.
Secondly, some nutrients that
normally go to body tissues, are
transferred to milk production.
The percentages of fat and
protein in milk do not appear to be
affected when energy and protein
balances are positive; however,
when energy balances are
negative, the studies usually
showed an increase in milk fat.
Chalupa said the fat increase is the
result of long chain fatty acids
being mobilized from body tissue
and extracted to synthesize milk
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And, if the protein is in negative
balance, Chalupa said, the protein
percentage in the milk usually
drops. The lactose content remains
constant.
With the increase in production,
making sure the cows are getting
the proper nutrients becomes a
challenge, Chalupa said. In
general, cows in the studies were
close to being in a positve protein
balance. By increasing feed in
take, cows have the extra
nutrients, including protein, they
need for production.
In the University of Penn
sylvania study, cows were fed a
good, but not exceptional diet,
Chalupa reported. Tlie feed had
1.72 megacalories per kilo, with
16.4 percent protein. Of the total
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protein, 61 percent was rumen
bypass protein.
A diet for cows on somatotropin
will need to contain higher levels of
protein just like a diet for a high
producing cow. However, it will be
important to pay close attention to
the ratio between rumen
degradable and nondegradable
protein.
Chalupa suggested two methods
of achieving the high energy diet a
cow treated with somatotropin will
need. One way, he said, is to in
crease grain at the expense of
forage. But, he said, buffers, such
as bicarbonate, should be added to
counteract the undesirable effects
of an altered acid-base balance in
the animal
Another option is to supplement
the rumen with a type of by-pass
fat to increase the caloric density
of the diet withoug having to
compromise fiber.
But, Chalupa cautioned, “In
order to realize a 20 to 25 percent
improvement in feed efficiency
and milk production with bovine
somatotropin, there are going to
also have to be advances in disease
control, pest control, animal
nutrition, the environment that the
animal is in, management,
communication and information.
We’re gong to have to have all of
these advances to realize the
advantages that are potentially
possible with somatotropin,” he
concluded.
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