D24ancastar Faming Saturday, April 26,1986
By-Products for Hogs
Folks in the swine business know
that hogs will eat just about
anything. Sometimes we can use
that to our advantage, especially
when cheap by-products are
available. But you decide that by
products will solve all your feed
bill headaches, think about the
feedstuff you plan to use.
Will the hogs eat the by-product?
Even if the stuff is free it won’t do
you much good if the pigs leave it
in the feeder.
What nutrients are in the by
product? Does the nutrient content
vary? How much water does it
contain?
Is the by-product practical to
handle? You need a plan for get
ting the material to the farm and to
the pigs. If it’s easily trucked and
augered, you’ll have a lot less
aggravation.
What does the by-product cost?
It ought to be pretty cheap, since
even free ingredients can get
expensive when transportation
costs are figured in. That’s
especially true with wet
ingredients.
What will the by-product save
you? After you’ve figured all the
costs, you should have a good idea
of the total expense to finish a hog.
The by-product might save you so
little money that the juice is hardly
worth the squeezing.
Is there any danger of bacterial
contamination? If it’s an animal
by-product, bacterial con
tamination is a potential problem.
Daily feeding may be necessary to
prevent spoilage.
Why is the by-product being
discarded? Be sure there are no
toxins or components that could
cause problems. For example,
milk products may contain an
tibiotics.
What’s the effect on the carcass?
Some by-products, like waste
french frier oil, can produce an oily
carcass if you’re not careful. Fish
products may create an odor in the
carcass.
What are the effects on per
formance? Many times you can
substitute by-products up to a point
then performance drops. Keep
your eyes open and your scales
operating so you can recognize the
problem if it appears.
What are the effects on your
image and the image of the in
dustry? Often there is a fine line
between by-products and garbage.
If your by-product resembles
garbage and your set-up is visible
to the public, you may not be doing
yourself or the industry any
favors.
What are your state’s
regulations? Pennsylvania
requires an inspection and a
permit to feed any type of by
* by
Kenneth B. Kephart
Penn State Extension Swine Specialist
product. So our state is even more
important than the USDA.
FEEDING SUGGESTIONS
Bakery by-products crackers,
cookies, pretzels and potato chips
are probably the most practical
by-product you can use. They’re
palatable. You can handle them
like a conventional ingredient. And
you can treat these by-products
like corn in the ration by making
pound-for-pound substitutions for
the grain. Watch performance and
salt levels when you use more than
800 pounds per ton.
Liquid whey is available from
many dairy processors because of
its high drying cost. You can offer
whey through the water system
instead of water, and feed a com
ration fortified only with vitamins
and minerals. Research shows that
pigs from 40 pounds to market
weight using this scheihe perform
similar to those on a normal com
soy diet. That could save you $8 per
head cn feed costs.
Keep your eye on spoilage. And
even at 48 per head saved, be sure
you can justify the added tran
sportation and handling.
Waste milk can be fed at the rate
of 1 gallon per head per day. Offer
a normal ration in the feeder. As
pigs grow older they’ll adjust their
own diet by increasing their intake
from the feeder.
Waste fat is an excellent energy
source since it contains two and a
quarter times the calories of either
proteins or carbohydrates. You’ll
see maximum benefit at about 10
percent added fat. More than six or
seven percent added fat will in
crease carcass fat and if the fat is
unsaturated (oil) the carcass will
become oily.
Meat by-products, unless they’re
cooked and dried, always bring
with them the possibility of bac
terial contamination especially
Salmonella. But they’re high in
protein and any bone present,
provided it’s finely ground, will be
a good source of calcium and
phosphorous.
Cracked eggs can be fed to hogs
but it’s important to cook them
first to destroy a biotin inhibitor.
For hogs weighing 100 to 220
pounds, offer eight eggs per head
per day and a ration containing
1850 pounds com, 100 pounds
soybean meal, and 50 pounds of
vitamins and minerals.
Food industry by-products can
be a significant part of your
feeeding program. But before you
get into them in a big way, make
sure you know all you can about
the material that’s available. Have
it analyzed. Be sure it’s practical
for your operation. And use a little
at first on a limited number of
hogs.
Poultrymen advised not to keep pet birds
HARRISBURG - The Penn
sylvania Department of
Agriculture has reminded com
mercial poultrymen to refrain
from buying caged birds in view of
a case of Exotic Newcastle Disease
in New Jersey.
Dr. Max A. Vanßuskirk, director
of the Bureau of Animal Industry,
said the disease was diagnosed in a
parrot sold by a New Jersey pet
wholesaler who also does business
3 farms team for York pig, lamb sale
YORK The Rodger Banker!
Family of Hanover teamed with
NewvUle’s Pine Haven Farm and
Clearview Acres of York to host
the Supreme Club Pig and Lamb
Sale at the York Fairgrounds on
April 11.
Project pigs were a popular
item, with Bankert’s 65 head
averaging $BB each. Shawn
Fairman, a 4-H’er from Dußois,
paid the day’s top feeder pig price
of $260 for a Duroc-Poland cross
out of the day’s second top se’^ng
Alfred ju>
Members of Alfred State College's livestock judging team pose here with their
coach after earning several awards in the recent Canadian International In
tercollegiate Judging competition in Guelph, Ontario. From left are Rick Kralj of
Meadville, Pa., holding his ribbon for reserve champion in swine judging; Lee
Kroening of Akron; Dale Covert of Farmersville Station, holding his trophy and rib
bons for being crowned Canadian national champion in crops judging and reserve
champion in forage; Dan Porter of Randolph; and coach Lee Laßochelle. The college is
located in Alfred, New York.
*B5 wool payments estimated $lO3 million
WASHINGTON, D.C. - Sheep
producers will receive about $lO3
million in federal incentive
payments on wool and lambs they
sold in 1985, according to Milton
Hertz, acting administrator of the
U.S. Department of Agriculture’s
Agricultural Stabilization and
Conservation Service.
The 1985 support price for shorn
wool is $1.65 per pound, deter
mined in accordance with the
National Wool Act of 1954, as
amended, and the Balanced
Budget and Emergency Deficit
Control Act of 1985, the Gramm-
Rudman-Hollings Act. The 1985
national average price for shorn
wool was 63.3 cents a pound, 101.7
cents less than the support price,
Hertz said. Dividing the support
price by the average market price
results in a 1985 payment rate of
160.7 percent. The payment rate is
the amount required to bring the
average price received by
producers up to the support price.
The payment rate for 1984 was
107.5 percent.
For mohair, the 1985 average
market price was $3.45 and support
price $4.43, making the payment
rate 28.4 percent, compared to 20.2
in Pennsylvania.
Exotic Newcastle Disease is a
highly-contagious avian
respiratory disease, which
necessitated the destruction of 12
million birds in California in 1972.
“Poultry owners should un
derstand that buying imported pet
birds is not in their best interests
or those of the industry,” said
Vanßuskirk.
Such caution is warranted given
litter. The high selling litter
contained seven Duroc-Berkshire
crossbreds that averaged $127.
Banker! also sold seven Duroc
and Chester White service boars
that averaged $2BB. The sale’s six
registered Duroc weanling gilts
averaged $B5, and seven bred gilts
averaged $230.
Clear View Acres sold the top
Dorset wether to the McCrumb
Total sale volume for all the family of Mars, Pa., for $B5.
swine was $11,700. A total of 11 lambs went under
Pine Haven Farm consigned a auctioneer Harry Bachman’s
group of Suffolk wethers sired by gavel averaging $135 each.
team wins In Canada
percent in 1984, Hertz said.
Individual producers’ payments
are determined by multiplying the
payment rates by the net dollar
returns from wool and mohair
sales.
Producers will receive $4.07 per
hundredweight in federal
payments as compensation for
Commercial ewes to dominate
Vermont Sheep Sale
NEW HAVEN, Vt. - As many as
200 commercial ewe lambs will
cross the auction block at the sixth
Vermont Sheep Sale scheduled for
July 12, at the Addison County
Field Days grounds in New Haven,
Vermont.
While purebred and wool breed
sheep will also be available, sale
auctioneer Ken Brubaker of
Westtown, Pa., reports that quality
commercial ewes are expected to
dominate the event.
Brubaker cited Rocco En
terprises’ current sheep venture,
as well as more aggressive
the difficulty of determining the
origin and health of these birds,
according to Vanßuskirk.
The wholesaler sold birds to
several distributors in Penn
sylvania, and those birds are being
checked for the disease by avian
health experts from the U.S.
Department of Agriculture’s
Veterinary Services. Results so far
have been negative.
their embryo transplant ram, The
Right Move. The top selling wether
went to Gene Turner of Woodbine,
Maryland for $240. The sale’s only
Suffolk ewe lamb brought a top bid
of $l7O. The first five lambs in this
group averaged $204.
unshorn lambs they sold or
slaughtered in 1985. The payment
is based on the shorn wool payment
rate, the average weight of wool
per hundredweight of lambs and
the price of lamb’s wool relative to
the national average price for
shorn wool, Hertz said.
marketing by the industry as a
whole, as reasons for the increased
popularity of commercial lamb
production.
The deadline for consignment is
June 14. Owners of registered and ,
wool ewe consignments who wish I
to be included in a pre-sale catalog
available after June 1, must
register by May 1. Fees are $lO per
head in registered and wool
classes, and $lO per pen of three or
fewer commercial ewes.
For registration forms contact
Michael Claudon, RD 2, Box 3550,
Middlebury, Vt, 05753, phone: 802-
545-2249. *