ITHACA, NY - Farmers in New
York and other northern states
across the country might want to
cash in on a potential new oilseed
crop that thrives in colder growing
climates, according to researchers
at Cornell University.
Canola seeds are used to produce
a vegetable oil similar to soybean
oil, and are already a popular cash
crop in Canadian provinces and in
parts of northern Europe.
In cooperation with the New
York State Department of
Agriculture and Markets, Cornell
researchers are testing canola for
its adaptability to northern states
such as New York. The results of
those tests will be used to compile
a store of information, which will
be made available to interested
growers through Cornell
Cooperative Extension agents.
Cornell’s research into the
viability of canola seed farming is
funded in part by a |6,000 grant
from the New York State
Department of Agriculture and
Markets, which will continue
funding that research at a higher
level in 1906.
Under the guidance of Cornell
researchers, canola seed was
successfully grown this year on
five farms in New York State.
“We’re trying to learn enough
about the crop so that we can give
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sound advice to tamers who are
thinking of growing it,” says
Madison J. Wright, a professor of
agronomy in the New York State
College of Agriculture and Life
Sciences at Cornell. “We’re trying
to build up the familiarity of far
mers and Cooperative Extension
agents so they’ll know how to grow
the crop and market it.”
Unlike many crops, canola will
thrive in colder growing climates.
Canola grown in warmer areas
gives lower yields and produces an
inferior quality oil.
There are already existing
markets for canola oil in Canada
and overseas, but “the Canadian
market in Ontario is the only one
accessible to us.”
Canola oil is a popular food and
cooking oil in Canada. Much of the
canola is grown in Canada’s
central prairie provinces, but the
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cost of shipping the canola east to
the populous Ontario province
opens a market for nearby New
York farmers, Wright explains.
As for American markets, the
future is uncertain. The use of
canola for human consumption
was approved by the Food and
Drug Administration just one year
ago.
Canola plants are actually the
result of Canadian plant breeding
efforts, Wright says. These plants
were developed by eliminating
undesirable traits from the seeds
of the rapeseed plant.
Rapeseed oil is laden with erucic
acid, and the meal from rapeseeds
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The canola plants are essentially
rapeseed plants that produce no
erucic acid and glucosinolates,
Wright explains; they differ only
chemically.
According to Wright, the future
of canola seed as a viable crop in
the U.S. depends on the develop
ment of American markets, not
foreign ones.
“In the short term, we will be
able to sell canola to Ontario
processing plants until Canadian
farmers fill the gap. In the long
term, there will have to be a
market in the United States if the
crop is going to be important,”
Wright says.
A major stumbling block to the
development of an American
canola market is that canola oil is
similar to soybean oU, which is
readily available from the
abundant U.S. soybean crop.
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“Canola oil is also similar to
other well-established vegetable
oils, such as com oil, cottonseed
oil, and sunflower oil, among
others,” Wright adds. “In addition,
the meal, which contains about 35
percent protein, competes with
soybean meal in the livestock feed
market.” About 50 percent of the
canola seed harvest is used for
meal once the seeds have been
pressed for oil.
Canadians have progressed with
canola production because their
climate is too cold for soybeans.
“Canola is not adapted to the
warmer parts of the United States.
If it is going to be grown at all, it
will have to be grown in the nor
thern fringe of states,” Wright
says. “What we are trying to do at
Cornell is to develop a set of facts
about the crop so fanners can
make informed decisions.”