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Lancaster Fanning,
Dec 21,1985-A25
Determining
soil loss
CHICAGO, IL - A
new concept for
predicting soil erosion
on hillslopes contests an
old theory that long
slopes with steep grades
erode the most soil. As
L. Darrell Norton told
the American Society of
Agronomy, more soil
erodes on slopes of
shallow grade and short
length.
He said concave
(saucer-shaped) de
pressions with runoff
flowing to one basin
accumulate the most
sediment while convex
(arc-shaped) slopes
with runoff flowing in
different directions
cause the most erosion.
The Universal Soil
Loss Equation,
developed in 1965, only
considers soil erosion to
estimate average an
nual loss. Norton’s
findings show that
sediment must be in
cluded with soil loss
when calculating
prediction models.
He used a closed
drainage basin (all
sediment settling within
one field) for his study
site. The land,
cultivated for 145 years
by one family, con
tained 1-to 5-percent
slopes similar to con
toured fields throughout
much of the Com belt.
Norton, soil scientist
with USDA’s
Agricultural Research
Service, National Soil
Erosion Research
Laboratory, West
Lafayette, Ind., said the
most obvious effect of
the erosion-sediment
interaction on this old
watershed was the way
the land contours
changed and smoothed
out through the years.
The balance between
the shape of the land
and how time and
cultivation affect it
determines the overall
erosion rate.
Knowing where this
balance shifts-for in
stance, deposits exceed
erosion on long steep
slopes with many
humps and hollows-is
the key to constructing
accurate prediction
models for a long-term
average erosion rate,
Norton said.
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