California’s
WASHINGTON - Officials of
the U.S. Department of
Agriculture and the California
Department of Food and
Agriculture have closed the
Africanized tie- Project
headquartered in Bakersfield,
Calif., saying the introduction of
Africanized honeybees in
California has been neutralized by
elimination of Africanized bee
colonies in the area and by genetic
mixing with native European bees.
“Since late July project officials
have detected and destroyed
twelve honeybee colonies that
were suspected to be Africanized,”
said Bert W. Hawkins, ad
ministrator of USDA’s Animal and
Plant Health Inspection Service.
“Project officials also have
sampled and tested all commercial
bee colonies in the area.”
Hawkins said procedures un
derway to lift the federal
quarantine should be complete in
January 1986. In the interim, he
said, federal restrictions still
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Africanized bee threat ends
require beekeepers to obtain a
federal certificate before moving
bees from the quarantined area to
other states. The restrictions do
not affect the intrastate movement
of bees.
California officials have lifted
the state quarantine from the
affected area in Kern county.
“The Africanized Bee Project
was successful because of the
outstanding cooperation among
many organizations,” said
Hawkins. “Scientists from the
University of California, USDA’s
Agricultural Research Service,
officials of Kern and other affected
counties, representatives of the
bee industry and individuals from
many other organizations worked
closely with USDA and CDFA to
tackle this threat to agriculture.”
Africanized bees first were
discovered in California in late
June in an oil field in Kern County.
Officials believe the bees entered
the United States on oil drilling
equipment or pipe, which is often
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imported from infested countries
in South America and Central
America.
Since July 30, when the
Africanized Bee Project began,
more than 22,000 samples of
commercial and wild bees have
been tested at the project
laboratory in Bakersfield.
In early September, officials
cleared commercially managed
bee colonies for honey comb
release if no Africanized bees or
mites had been found. By early
October, apiaries were allowed to
move from the quarantine zone if
they met certain additional con
ditions.
Africanized bees are the result of
matings between a subspecies of
African honeybee and several
European species. In 1956, African
honeybee queens were brought
from Africa to Brazil for ex
perimental purposes. Some of
these bees were accidentally
released from research hives and
began to interbreed with European
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bees in the area, establishing the
Africanized strain. Since their
establishment in
Africanized bees moved
steadily northward, and are ex
pected to enter Mexico by the end
of 1985 and to cross the Rio Grande
into the United States by 1969.
Africanized bees are an
economic threat to the $l3O million
Penn pays fine on
animal welfare charges
WASHINGTON -
University of Pennsylvania has
agreed to pay a $4,000 fine to settle
U.S. Department of Agriculture
charges that it violated the federal
Animal Welfare Act in its research
activities involving animals. The
university also agreed to take
several actions to ensure com
pliance with the Act.
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U.S. honey industry. They tend to
take over hives of domesticated
European bees, and because they
are less efficient honey producers,
can greatly reduce a hive’s honey
production. Also, Africanized bees
are harder to manage and
therefore make commercial
pollenization more difficult for
beekeepers.
“This settlement resolves
several problems found involving
veterinary care of primates used
in the university’s Head Injury
Clinic,” said Bert W. Hawkins,
administrator of the USDA’s
Animal and Plant Health In
spection Service. “Some animals
apparently were operated on
without adequate anesthesia, some
were operated on under unsanitary
conditions, and some were not
given adequate care after they had
been inj ured during experiments. ’ ’
Besides accepting the fine, the
university has agreed that the
director of any research project
will consult with the campus
veterinarian on proper use of pain
relieving drugs and on the care of
injured animals, said Hawkins.
“These provisions are meant to
ensure that the university main
tains an adequate program of
veterinary care,” said Hawkins.
“They are not intended to interfere
with the actual conduct of
research.”
The
The university will also establish
an advisory committee for
laboratory animal care and set up
training programs for employees
who handle laboratory animals,
said Hawkins. The committee
whose oversight will include
review of the use of anesthetics,
the sanitation in operating rooms,
and post-operative care of
research animals-will report
quarterly to the vice provost for
research and will furnish a copy of
its reports to the USDA, he said.
“The series of actions agreed to
by the university should help avoid
the possiblity of future violations,”
Hawkins said.
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